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青少年女子壘球選手之小週期營養現況評估：比賽前訓練日、比賽日及比賽後恢復日
Assessment of Nutrition Status of Adolescent Female Softball Players Within a Microcycle: Precompetition Training, Competition and Postcompetition Recovery Days
Abstracts
臺灣迄今仍未有對青少年運動員在比賽前訓練日、比賽日及比賽後恢復日之小週期中的飲食調查，評估是否達建議值標準。因此，本研究目的在評估青少年女子壘球選手在比賽前訓練日、比賽日及比賽後恢復日的營養現況，是否符合熱量與三大營養素的攝取建議值標準。本實驗招募18位高中女子壘球選手，由專業營養師以隨餐秤重或照片上傳的方式觀察選手的飲食攝取狀況。另外，利用運動營養知識問卷評估選手的運動營養知識，並針對研究中觀察到的營養問題，由營養師給予運動營養教育。研究結果顯示：醣類攝取量在各訓練階段的攝取現況皆普遍不足，與最低建議值標準相比，僅大約50%的選手有達到最低建議值標準；蛋白質攝取量在比賽日僅27.8%的選手有達到最低建議值標準；且比賽日之脂質攝取量有超過標準比例的選手則高達94.4%。另外，衛教前的運動營養知識問卷平均答題正確率僅47.8%。本研究結論發現青少年女子壘球選手的運動營養知識仍待加強，且在各訓練階段的醣類攝取量普遍未達最低建議值標準。另外，比賽日有蛋白質攝取量偏低及脂質攝取量偏高的問題。
Parallel abstracts
This study was designed to address a lacuna in sports research regarding nutritional intake within a microcycle during precompetition training, competition, and postcompetition recovery days among adolescent athletes in Taiwan. Therefore, it assessed the eating patterns of adolescent female softball players during these three time periods, and compared the athletes' calorie and macronutrient intake levels with current sports nutritional recommendations. Eighteen high school female softball players were recruited. A registered dietitian assessed their dietary intake, either by directly weighing the meals or by uploading food photos. Athletes’ sports nutrition knowledge was evaluated with a validated questionnaire, and finally, the dietitian provided sports nutrition education based upon the nutrition problems found in the assessment. Results indicated that: Carbohydrate intake in each training period was generally lower than the commonly recommended values in published guidelines, and only 50% of players met the minimum carbohydrate requirement. On competition days, only 27.8% of the players met the minimum protein requirement and 94.4% of the players’ fat intake exceeded recommended levels. Before undergoing sports nutrition education, the mean percent (%) correct score was only 47.8%. In conclusion, the adolescent female softball players have inadequate sports nutrition knowledge, and their carbohydrate intake generally do not meet the recommendation during each training period; moreover, there are problems with low protein intake and high fat intake on the competition days.