- 期刊
澳洲國家天賦確認與發展計畫之應用
Applications of the Australian National Talent Identification and Development Program
摘要
澳洲自1990年代起在國際競技運動成績一直具有不錯的表現，本文初步瞭解澳洲國家天賦確認與發展（National Talent Identification and Development, NTID）計畫，探討該計畫應用於運動員發展架構之成功經驗，以及初步解讀澳洲體制的價值與主要具體作法。澳洲競技運動成績優異與其長期採用NTID計畫有所相關，以及建立起全民運動風氣極佳的運動文化。在最新的NTID計畫採用FTEM（Foundations-Talent-Elite-Mastery）架構，明確地將四個主要階段（基礎期、天賦發展期、菁英期、大師級）及10個細部階段訂出主要價值。其中，基礎期更分為F1～F3階段、天賦發展期分為T1～T4階段，進入菁英期則為成年隊選手參加奧林匹克運動會（簡稱奧運會）或世界盃的E1階段，進而加以培養能在奧運會拿下獎牌的E2期，最終持續能夠在二個週期的奧運會中贏得獎牌的大師級人才。金字塔的運動人口建構模式讓澳洲運動人才能被發掘及培養，長期實施NTID計畫能夠持續發掘出優秀運動人才，也需要長期使用選材資料庫及高水平運動科學與醫學的專業配合，再加上極佳的教練指導與完善體制，澳洲紮實的FTEM架構非常值得臺灣參考與應用。
並列摘要
Australia has been a powerhouse in international competitive sports since the 1990s. Its success largely stems from longtime implementation of their National Talent Identification and Development (NTID) program. While outlining unique aspects and principal specific practices of the Australian system, this article discusses the substantial value that the NTID framework adds to the development of their athletes and establishment of a nationwide sporting culture. The current version of the NTID program follows the Foundations-Talent-Elite-Mastery (FTEM) framework, dividing the process into 4 macro phases (Foundations, Talent, Elite, and Mastery), which are further subdivided into 10 micro phases. The lower seven phases are F1-F3 in Foundations and T1-T4 in Talent; entering E1 of the Elite phase indicates that the athlete has the ability to qualify for the adult Olympic Games or World Championship team. After further training, some move on to the E2 phase, indicating ability to win medals. Finally, with extra refinement, some achieve Mastery, and the talent to win medals over multiple Olympic Games. This pyramid-like framework aids Australia greatly in the identification and development of talented athletes, especially in highly competitive sports. However, the long-term NTID program still requires a longitudinal database for talent identification, plus cooperation with high-level sports science and medicine professionals for support. In addition, high-level coaching and a solid system are essential for success. Systematic analysis of the FTEM framework in Australia can provide a useful reference case for competitive sports in Taiwan.