家長式領導者是觸發部屬的家長認知,把領導者視為是家長的角色,而依附是指個體對父母的保護和照顧所形成的情感,由於教練與選手的互動密切,教練家長式領導與選手依附構成一項重要的研究議題。因此,本研究目的是探討教練家長式領導與選手依附之關係,釐清教練的仁慈、威權及德行領導的主要效果,以及兩兩與三階互涉對選手的安全依附、焦慮依附之關聯性。研究參與者是279名高中運動員(男202名、女77名),研究測量家長式領導、依附關係類型及基本資料。結果發現,在主要效果:仁慈與德行領導正向預測安全依附,威權領導正向,德行領導負向預測焦慮依附;在互涉效果:仁慈與德行對焦慮依附的互涉效果達顯著,具有負向預測力。本研究結論得出教練家長式領導的恩威德會影響選手的安全依附及焦慮依附,教練的仁慈領導、德行領導會增加選手的安全依附;教練的威權領導會升高、德行領導會降低選手的焦慮依附;教練的仁慈與德行(恩德雙行)能降低選手的焦慮依附。
Paternalistic leadership theory assumes that leaders' role is perceived as a parental one by their followers. Attachment describes the individuals' feelings for parents' protection and caregiving. Based on the intense interaction between coaches and athletes, coaches' paternalistic leadership and athletes' attachment styles are important issues between coaches and athletes. This study aims to examine the relationships between coaches' paternalistic leadership and athletes' attachment styles using the paternalistic leadership theory and attachment theory as the theoretical framework. Specifically, the study investigates the interaction of three elements of paternalistic leadership (authoritarianism, benevolence, and moral character) with athletes' secure or anxious attachment. The participants comprised 279 high school athletes (202 males and 77 females). The study collected data on participants' perceptions of paternalistic leadership and attachment style. The results showed that benevolent and moral leadership positively predicted athletes' secure attachment, while authoritarian leadership positively predicted athletes' anxious attachment. Additionally, moral leadership negatively predicted athletes' anxious attachment. The interaction between benevolent and moral leadership significantly negatively affected anxious attachment. In conclusion, the three dimensions of paternalistic leadership individually influence athletes' secure and anxious attachment. A coach's benevolent and moral leadership contribute to athletes' sense of security, whereas authoritarian leadership heightens athletes' anxious feelings. Furthermore, a coach's benevolent and moral leadership can alleviate athletes' anxiety in their coach-athlete relationship.