- 期刊
博物館館藏麻織品上褐斑真菌研究
Study of the Foxing-causing Fungi on Linen Textiles from Museum Collections
摘要
博物館收藏的衣物布料上，常因真菌生長而造成褐斑(foxing)，影響文物之外觀及典藏價值甚巨。本研究由國立自然科学博物館的館藏麻織品上，分離出4株造成真菌性褐斑的真菌，包括Aspergillus ostianus、Penicillium glabrum和二株未鑑定出的Penicillium sp.和Aspergillus sp.。將這些菌株接種於麻布，在15%、60%及飽和溼度下室溫培養，受試菌株在15%和60%下都不生長，只有在飽和濕度下能夠生長，並且形成不同褐化程度的褐斑，證實這些菌株確實能在此類基質上生長。另以不同水勢能的培養基進行培養，觀察菌株在-1到-90 bar的水勢下能生長的情形，發現即使在-90 bar的低水勢能下，菌株仍可生長，為耐旱菌(xerotolerant)，其中最耐旱的是分離自貴州苗族上衣樣本的Aspergillus ostianus 919-2。掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察到接種菌絲纏繞在麻布料的纖維上生長與產孢的狀況。另採DNS 法測試還原糖和測定纖維分解酵素(cellulose)，估算各菌株產生纖維素分解酵素(cellulase)的能力，發現受試菌株均有產生纖維分解酵素將纖維素分解為還原糖的能力。
並列摘要
The preservation of museum collections poses a serious problem for the foxing caused by fungi. Four foxing fungi were isolated from the linen fabrics collections of National Museum of Natural Science, including Aspergillus ostianus, Penicillium glabrum, and two unidentified Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp.. These fungi were cultured on the linen textiles and incubated at room temperature and 15%, 60%, 100% relative humidity, respectively. The tested fungi were grown at saturated humidity and formed different levels foxbrown but not at 15% and 60% relative humidity. This is the evidence that these fungi can grow on this kind of matrix. These isolated were capable of growing on low water potential medium from -1 to -90 bar, suggested that they were xerotolerant fungi and the most xerotolerant one is Aspergillus ostianus 919-2 from the cloth of Miaos, Guizhou, China. The mycelia colonized and sporulated on linen fibers were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. To evaluate the ability of cellulase production, reducing sugars and cellulase were tested by the DNS method. It showed that all tested fungi have the cellulase production ability to hydrolyze cellulose to reducing sugars.