新南向政策背景下越南學生來臺留學動機之探討

從2016年行政院推動新南向政策至今，來臺留學的東南亞學生不斷成長，其中越南學生從幾千名短短幾年內翻倍數成為臺灣境外生第二大來源國，僅次於中國。目前對於國際學生來臺留學動機方面，大多以東南亞視為一體進行探討。基於每個國家的留學生有其社會背景及文化相差，本研究以越南留學生為探討對象，藉由深度訪談法，立意抽樣15名從2016年來臺注冊入學之越南籍學生進行半結構式訪談，訪談日期從2019年7月1日至8月1號。研究結果顯示，在新南向政策推動後，越南學生來臺留學動機的主要三個關鍵因素為文化體驗、學習語言／語言能力、追求學術及專業成長。各種動機因素當中，又可分為推的因素及拉的因素，推的動機主要是越南國內教育環境不利於學術及專業成長、語言學習、臺灣師長／主管之推薦及家人的期望；拉的動機主要是臺灣地理位置、文化體驗、留學費用經濟實惠、獎學金、臺灣的公共服務條件、社會政治自由、教育與語言環境。本研究針對其研究結果提出相關建議。

關鍵字

留學動機；推拉理論；越南學生；新南向政策

並列摘要

Since Taiwan Executive Yuan promoted the new Southbound Policy in 2016, Southeast Asian students studying in Taiwan have steadily increased. In particular, the number of Vietnamese students has doubled and became the second-largest source of international students in Taiwan, after China. Most of the studies on the motivation of international students to study in Taiwan are discussed with the entire Southeast Asia region. Due to the international student community's social background and cultural differences in each country, this study mainly focuses on Vietnamese students. Using an in-depth interview method, conducted by semi-structured interviews with 15 Vietnamese students enrolled in Taiwan Universities from 2016, the interview period from July 1, 2019 to August 1, 2019. The research results show that after the new Southbound Policy is promoted, the three main factors that motivate Vietnamese students to study in Taiwan are cultural experience, language ability/language learning, and the pursuit of academic and career development. Among the different motivating factors, they can be divided into push and pull factors. Push factors including the Vietnam domestic educational environment are not conducive to academic and professional growth, language learning, Taiwanese teacher/company's managers recommendation and family's expectations; pull motives are Taiwan geographical, cultural experiences, affordable education expenses, scholarships, Taiwan public service conditions, social and political freedom, education and language environment. This research puts forward relevant suggestions based on the results.