同理「心在哪？」：以工作坊形式學習設計思考影響同理心之探討

Empathizing with? A study on the Influence of Design Thinking Workshop on Empathy

馬敏元(Min-yuan Ma) ； 謝辰甫(Eric Chen-F Hsieh) ； 遲家琦(Jia-Chi Chih)

《設計學報》 28卷3期 (2023/09) Pp. 25-46

摘要

在創新成為現今企業生存策略的趨勢下，設計思考被廣泛地視為是實現以人為本的創新之有效途徑。而所謂的以人為本，即是落實同理心去看待使用者。目前，在台灣以工作坊的形式進行設計思考教學推廣下，工作坊的學員能藉此機會透過方法學習或工具的運用及互動討論，在各個環節中運用同理心進行思考，並在過程中接受來自他人的刺激。因此本研究聚焦於工作坊參與學員的同理心能力，探討其在經由學習設計思考後，是否會受到形式及內容的影響而有所改變或提升，以此為研究目的，並從（1）了解參與設計思考工作坊學員同理心前後的差異，與（2）探討同理心有／無差異產生之可能原因兩方者進行探討。本研究以設計思考工作坊執行搭配人際關係反應量表（IRI）的填寫，探討同理心在經歷工作坊後的差異，另於工作坊結束後，以半結構式訪談形式，了解學員在設計思考的各個步驟當中運用同理心之情形，接續採質性編碼的方式分析之。本研究以Wilcoxon符號等級檢定針對工作坊學員之IRI四個分量表進行統計後，發現在工作坊形式下同理心在幻境融入（FS）的向度有顯著提升，其餘向度則無顯著差異。此外，經由質性編碼針對「設計思考階段」、「同理心四向度」、「同理對象」以及「展現同理的時機」四個主類別及其子類別分析與比對類別間的關聯性後發現，以工作坊形式操作的設計思考活動中，某種程度上擴增了對議題探索的多元觀點與視角，並能夠引導學員藉由「想像情境」與「想像角色」兩種方式融入議題中，展現「同理心」。另外，本研究也發現不僅在「empathize」步驟中有同理的展現，同理表現更是以帶狀的形式貫穿於設計流程的各步驟中。最後，基於此發現，本研究進一步依各步驟盤點出在運用方法工具時與討論互動間對應同理心的重要節點，可作為往後規劃設計思考工作坊之參考依據。

關鍵字

設計思考 ； 同理心 ； 以人為本 ； 跨域創新

並列摘要

Design thinking is predominantly practiced in workshops in Taiwan, where participants engage in empathizing with others in various scenarios. This has prompted an inquiry into whether participants' empathy improves following such workshops. This integrated research study aimed to investigate changes in empathy after a design thinking workshop. A semi-structured interview with qualitative coding was conducted to capture the utilization of empathy in the design thinking process. The study findings, derived from qualitative coding of empathy-related actions during the workshop, revealed two main outcomes. Firstly, while empathy performance gradually decreased, the ability to empathize exhibited a linear pattern throughout the design process. Secondly, there was a significant increase in cognitive empathy, often referred to as "fantasy," after the workshop, whereas no significant difference was observed in other facets of empathy. Qualitative coding further uncovered that design thinking activities conducted during the workshop had, to some extent, expanded the diversity of perspectives and empowered participants to integrate empathy into both "imagined situations" and "imagined roles." By identifying critical elements within design thinking workshops, it is hoped that the ability to empathize can be enhanced through design tools and interactive discussions. This information can be utilized in the planning of future design thinking workshops.

並列關鍵字

Design Thinking ； Empathy ； Human-centered Design ； Interdisciplinary Innovation

參考文獻

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