- 期刊
市場規模、成本差異與生產技術選擇
Market Scale, Cost Differentiation and Technology Choice
摘要
本文試圖以Krugman的獨占性競爭模型爲基礎分別探討廠商在封閉及開放經濟體系下，面對不同技術的成本差異以及各種市場因素，如何做出最適之技術選擇。首先探討在封閉經濟體系下廠商之技術選擇，結果發現當採取高階技術的固定成本高於特定門檻值時，所有廠商均會採取低階的技術，反之，則採取高階的技術。而在開放經濟體系下，研究結果發現：若多國廠商在地主國採取高階技術時所產生的效率損失超過其門檻值時，則所有廠商均不會在外國採高階技術，反之，則所有廠商均會在外國採取高階技術；而在母國方面，是否採行高階技術則視高階技術在變動成本方面之相對優勢而定，若相對優勢不大，則國內廠商將採取低階技術，反之，則採取高階技術。在比較靜態分析的結果方面，本文發現，當地主國市場規模愈大時，會使決定是否在海外採高技術的效率損失門檻值變大，廠商將愈容易在海外採取高階技術。 最後，本文分析政府政策之效果，結果發現本國政府對採取高階技術之廠商給予研發補貼，可促使多國廠商在國內採行高階技術，但並不能有效阻止在外國研發並採行高階技術的情形。在懲罰性課稅政策方面，當多國籍廠商在外國採取高階技術時，課以懲罰性定額稅會比課徵利潤稅更能確保抑止本國高階技術之外流。
並列摘要
This paper aims to explore the firms on the issue how to make the optimal allocation on technology choice among countries in different economic systems. In a close economic system, the results of the paper indicate that the firms would adopt low end technology in the host country when the fixed cost of high end technology is above threshold value, vice versa. On the other hand, in an open economy, the multinational firms would not adopt high end technology in a host country when the efficient loss out of adopting high end technology is above the threshold value, while in reverse situation the multinational firms would adopt high end technology. In a home country, the technology level employed depends on the extent of advantage of variable cost in different technology level. If the variance is small among different level of technology, home companies would adopt low end one; in the reverse, would take the other one. In the static analysis, the results present that the threshold value of efficient loss surges higher when the market of the host country is larger, therefore the multinational firms accessibly incline toward taking the approach of high end technology. At last, analyze the effect of government policy, the outcomes show that if government gives the subsidy to support the development of high end technology, prompting the multinational firms would embrace high end technology in home country, however, would not hinder effectively from taking high end technology for R&D in foreign investment. In view of the policy of punishment tax, imposing lump sum tax of punishment is more repressed on exporting high end technology for multinational firms than that of profit tax.