- 期刊
潛能開發的理念內涵與首要途徑
The Conception of Human Potentials Development, the Composition of Human Potentials and the Key of Developing Human Potentials
摘要
本文首先闡述「潛能開發」的教育理念：每一個人都本自具足無限潛能、多元潛能，這些潛能受到不同程度的屏蔽或障礙，因此人與人之間所展現的能力就有很大的個別差異，而教育工作的目的無它，乃是協助學生引發出各種潛能。本文接著從「佛家、儒家、蘇格拉底」三方面探討此理念的起源，並從「心理學」及「宗教與靈修」這兩個領域探討此理念的近代發展。本文進一步試圖運用《易經》的「無極生太極，太極生兩儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦」的架構來解析人類潛能的內涵，以發揮「執簡馭繁」的功能，把複雜的人類潛能內涵用簡單的方式來加以闡明與掌握。最後演繹出人類潛能的「八卦」為：一、情意鎮定能力；二、心智運思能力；三、眼耳鼻舌的覺知能力；四、身體的覺知與運作能力；五、溝通、表達與傾聽的能力；六、人際關係、協調與領導的能力；七、把握時空結構的能力；八、把握自然環境的能力。最後本文探討潛能開發的關鍵：引導學生持續進行自我反省與自我覺察，並進一步闡明潛能開發的首要途徑乃是「靜心」（meditation）。
並列摘要
This paper first delineates the notion of human potentials development: everyone possesses limitless and multiple potentials, which are blocked or covered to different degree so that the abilities manifested might be quite different across individuals. The purpose of education is simply to help the students elicit their potentials. This paper further explores the origin of this notion from perspectives of Buddhism, Confucianism and Socrates. The development of this notion in modern day is also delineated from the areas of psychology, religion and spiritual practice. The author further attempts to utilize the following idea from the ancient Chinese classic ＂I-Ching＂ to deduce the composition of human potentials: ＂The Limitless (Wuji) produces the delimited, and this is the Absolute (Taiji);The Taiji produces two forms; The two forms produce four phenomena; The four phenomena act on the eight trigrams (Bagua).＂ The idea of Bagua helps us grasp and simplify the complicated composition of human potentials. The result of deduction can be concluded as the following eight items (Bagua) of human capabilities: 1. Affective calmness. 2. Intellectual operation. 3. Perception from eye-ear-nose-tongue. 4. Physical perception and operation. 5. Communication, expression and listening. 6. Interpersonal relationship, facilitation and leadership. 7, Grasping the time-space structures. 8. Grasping the natural environment. Finally, this paper point out the core in developing human potentials: guiding the students to engage in continuous self-reflection and self-awareness, which assumes meditation as the key of developing human potentials.