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Steroids Used to Desensitize Penicillamine Allergy in Wilson Disease

威爾森氏病併penicillamine過敏使用類固醇減敏

摘要


威爾林氏病在青春期並不少見,而影響到肝臓但無其他神經或精神方面的症狀是最常見的形式。我們報告一個14歲男生因爲威爾林氏病,使用penicillamine治療,初始劑量是300毫克,一天兩次,但兩天後卻發生發燒、驉疹及嘴唇水腫等過敏情形。在停止服用Penicillamine後,過敏現象便消失,但在重新使用後,又發生相同的情形,前後共達三次。我們嚐試使用Prednisolone每天30毫克持續2天後,再重新引入penicillamine每天300毫克,同時每3天增加150毫克直到600毫克,之後減低Prednisolone劑量到每天20毫克,並逐漸增加penicillamine到每天900毫克。prednisolone在使用近一個月後完全停掉,Penicillamine也增加到劑量爲每天1.2公克。病人在整個療程中均無任何不適或過敏反應發生。一年多來,病人定期在門診追蹤其24小時尿液中銅離子的排除情形,而AST,ALT也回複到正常。 雖然有其他藥物,例如Trientine, Zinc或tetrathiomolybdate可使用,但這些藥物在小兒科病人的使用經驗有限,且其適當劑量,使用時間及長期副作用都仍在評估中。 類固醇可抵制發炎介特質的形成,減少身體對淋巴激素的不適反應,因此對預防延遲型的過敏反應有相當大的功效。我們建議所有威爾林氏病的小兒患者可先使用少量的Penicillamine,再逐漸增加劑量,而一時有過敏反應發生時可使用類固醇來減敏。

並列摘要


Patients with Wilson disease require life-long treatment and penicillamine is the drug of choice. We present a 14-year-old boy with Wilson disease who developed hypersensitivity reaction 2 days after starting penicillamine therapy. His symptoms included fever, maculopapular rash and lip edema. The allergic reaction disappeared when penicillamine was discontinued, but relapsed after reinstituting penicillamine at a lower dose. Desensitization was attempted by introducing steroid therapy, the dose of 0.7 mg per kilogram per day of prednisolone for 2 days, then penicillamine was successfully tolerated. Subsequent tapering of the daily prednisolone dose was performed till it was discontinued one month after treatment began. We suggest that concomitant use of steroid and penicillamine should be used for the treatment of patients who develop penicillamine intolerance.

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