「設計流暢性測驗平板版」的信、效度研究曁本土常模建置

「設計流暢性測驗」（Design Fluency Test）能評量大腦額葉的執行功能表現。著名的「Delis-Kaplan執行功能系統」（Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System，D-KEFS），其「設計流暢性測驗」已被廣泛應用，且適用對象較廣，從資優個體到嚴重腦損傷患者。然而，該測驗的計分相對費時且費力。本研究參考D-KEFS的「設計流暢性測驗」，欲發展一套電子化版本，即「設計流暢性測驗平板版」（Tablet-Based Design Fluency Test，TB-DFT）。本測驗流程：情境一（流暢）、情境二（流暢＋抑制）、情境三（流暢＋轉換），以「正確設計數量」反映該情境的得分；透過情境間的比較，可以獲得流暢、抑制與轉換的三個計分指標。本研究於北、中、南、東取樣1,099位健康參與者（年齡介於8～29歲），進行信、效度之檢驗。結果顯示，本測驗之三個情境具有適當的再測信度。再者，本測驗具有適當的內部相關性，並且三個計分指標也能反映相應的能力。在效度考驗中，「流暢」指標與更新能力、反應時間、圖形推理之間具有顯著正相關，顯示適當的效標關聯效度；「轉換」指標與涉及轉換能力的卡片分類作業也呈顯著正相關，顯示適當的區辨效度。這顯示本測驗具有適當的效度，「流暢」與「轉換」是能有效且獨立評估的計分指標。另外，在樣本特性差異考驗顯示，性別沒有顯著差異，但測驗表現會隨著年齡逐漸上升，直至高中趨於穩定；本研究進一步建立認知發展至認知穩定階段（8～29歲）之常模參照表。本研究發展的TB-DFT能有效測量健康個體之設計流暢性，提供未來研究與教育場域使用，期能深化設計流暢性與執行功能的探究。

關鍵字

平板電腦；執行功能；常模；設計流暢性測驗；圖形流暢性

並列摘要

Design Fluency Test (DFT) is an assessment for evaluating the performance of the frontal lobes. The Design Fluency Test of the famous Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) has been widely used, and is applicable to a wide range of subjects, from gifted individuals to severely brain-damaged patients. However, the scoring method for this test is relatively laborious. Based on D-KEFS-DFT, the present study develops an electronic version-the Tablet-Based Design Fluency Test (TB-DFT)-and inspect its psychometric characteristics. TB-DFT is divided into three conditions: condition 1 (fluency), condition 2 (fluency + inhibition), condition 3 (fluency + switching); the number of "correct design" reflects the score of condition. Through the comparison between conditions, we calculate three scoring indicators of fluency, inhibition and switching. 1,099 participants in aged 8-29 were recruited from different areas in Taiwan to exam the reliability and validity of this test. In the reliability, the three conditions of TB-DFT have great test-retest reliability. Furthermore, this test has great internal correlation, and the three scoring indicators also reflect the relative ability. In the criterion- related validity, there is a significant positive correlation between the "fluency" indicator and updating ability, reaction time, and figural reasoning. In the discriminant validity, the "switching" was also significantly positively correlated with card sorting tasks involving conversion ability. This indicates that the test has good validity, and "fluency" and "switching" are scoring indicators that can be effectively and independently assessed. In addition, there was no significant difference between genders, but performance would gradually increase with age until it became stable in high school; this study further established the norm of cognitive development to cognitive stability stage (Aged 8-29). This study provides effective measurement. It is expected to deepen the exploration of design fluency and executive function.

並列關鍵字

Design fluency test ； executive function ； figural fluency ； normative data ； tablet computer

參考文獻

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Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E. (2006). Executive function and the frontal lobes: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology Review, 16(1), 17-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-006-9002-x

Ardila, A., Pineda, D., & Rosselli, M. (2000). Correlation between intelligence test scores and executive function measures. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6177(98)00159-0

Battista, P., Griseta, C., Tortelli, R., Guida, P., Castellana, F., Rivolta, D., & Logroscino, G. (2021). The Modified Five-Point Test (MFPT): Normative data for a sample of Italian elderly. Neurological Sciences, 42(6), 2431-2440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04818-3

Benedek, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2013). Revisiting Mednick’s model on creativity-related differences in associative hierarchies. Evidence for a common path to uncommon thought. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47(4), 273-289. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.35

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