日文＜V-teoku＞之意義分析

本稿針對＜Ｖ-teoku＞之意義，提出與modalitiy相關之所謂＜準備＞與＜偽準備＞兩項定義。＜準備＞意指考慮未來事態之行為，乃是以【目的→行為[手段]】亦或【（模糊之目的）→行為[手段]】之文脈上的意義構造來表示。而＜偽準備＞則意指將並未考慮未來事態之行為，以宛如應對未來事態般之方式表達，乃是以【事態1-事態2…行為[結束]】亦或【現況→行為[反応]】之文脈上的意義構造來表示。此四類意義構造當中，【目的→行為[手段]】為＜Ｖ-teoku＞之主要構造。本稿指出，如此般＜Ｖ-teoku＞之意義，乃是從其前身動詞＜oku＞之衍生意義之ㄧ－＜維持＞，藉由換喻而擴張到＜準備＞，接著再由＜準備＞擴張到＜偽準備＞。

關鍵字

補助動詞；＜Ｖ-teoku＞； modalitiy上之意義；準備；偽準備

並列摘要

This paper explored the meaning of ＂V-teoku＂ and proposed that the definitions can be classified into preparation and fake preparation in relation to modality. ＂Preparation＂ referred to the action of considering the future. From the semantic structure of the context, it showed ＂purpose→action(a measure)＂ or ＂unclear purpose→action(a measure).＂ On the other hand, the meaning of ＂fake preparation＂ indicated the action of not considering the future. It expressed a subsequent action. From the semantic structure of the context, it presented ＂matter 1-matter 2-the end of action＂ or ＂current situation→reaction.＂ Among these four expressions, ＂purpose→action(a measure)＂ was the main structure of ＂V-teoku.＂ This paper pointed out that the meaning of ＂V-teoku＂ has been extended to ＂preparation＂ by metonymy derived from the meaning of its base verb ＂oku＂, which means to keep. Then it was further extended from preparation to fake preparation.