- 期刊
- OpenAccess
玉帶鳳蝶(Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer)（鱗翅目：鳳蝶科）的生活史
The Life History of the Common Mormon Butterfly, Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
摘要
本試驗在網室內採玉帶鳳蝶當日產之卯，置於25~32℃室溫的實驗室內單隻飼養，分別以酸桔(Citrus sunki)葉片飼養其幼蟲至羽化為成蝶，每日觀察和記錄各蟲期的形態及生活史。描述各蟲期形態並得知卵孵化率為42%，卵期總平均為3日，幼蟲期有五齡或六齡兩類，五齡型、六齡型及總平均的幼蟲期分別為20.31±0.26、22.86±0.63、21.20±0.39日，六齡型幼蟲之幼蟲期顯著較五齡型長；蛹期在五齡型、六齡型及總平均分別為10.17±0.11、10.60±0.25、10.28±0.12日。自卵至成蟲羽化所需時間，五齡型、六齡型及總平均分別為33.42±0.34、35.50±0.87、33.94±0.39日。玉帶鳳蝶幼蟲頭殼寬度超過4.71mm的閥值即進入化蛹階段，幼蟲頭殼寬度隨齡期增長以1.42~1.52倍呈等比例增加，各齡幼蟲頭殼寬度常用對數與齡期存在直線迥歸關係，符合戴爾法則。幼蟲期的頭殼寬度及體長皆依齡期增長而增加。本種蛹重、蛹長及蛹寬之總平均依序為0.92±0.09g、27.42±0.99mm、11.12±0.22mm；成蟲翅長平均為40.66±2.84mm，翅寬總平均為27.25±4.70mm。幼蟲期的食葉量亦隨著齡期增長而增加，總食葉量的總平均為183.95±8.21平方公分；以末齡幼蟲的食葉量最大，五齡型的第五齡幼蟲佔所有幼蟲期食葉量的76.90%，六齡型的第六齡幼蟲佔所有幼蟲期食葉量的59.76%。
並列摘要
In the present study, fresh eggs of the Common Mormon Butterfly, Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer, were collected from a host in a net room. The fresh eggs were placed in the laboratory under conditions of 25~32℃ room temperature. Hatching larvae were individually reared on leaves of Citrus sunki for observations of the morphology and life history of the butterfly. The results are summarized as follows. The morphology of various developmental stages in this species is described. The hatching rate of the eggs was 42%. The time for eggs to hatch was 3 days on average. Two types of larval stadium, namely five or six instars, were found. The durations of the larval stage for both five-instar and six-instar types were 20.31 ± 0.26 and 22.86 ± 0.63 days, respectively, and 21.20 ± 0.39 days averaged for the two types; the six-instar type was significantly longer than the five-instar type. The durations of the pupal stage for the five-instar type, six-instar type, and the average of both types of larvae were 10.17 ± 0.11, 10.60 ± 0.25, and 10.28 ± 0.12 days, respectively. The time required for eggs to become adults in the five-instar type, six-instar type, and the average of both types of larvae were 33.42 ± 0.34, 35.50 ± 0.87, and 33.94 ± 0.39 days, respectively. The threshold value of head capsule width for larvae to develop into pupae was above 4.71 mm. The increment of the head capsule width of the larvae was in accordance with the increase in the larval instar stage, and was maintained at a ratio of 1.42~1.52 times. A linear regression coefficient existed between the common logarithms of head capsule width of larvae and the larval instar stage; this was in agreement with Dyar's law. The increments in both head capsule width and body length of larvae were in accordance with the increase in the larval instar stage. The weight, length, and width means of pupae were 0.92 ± 0.09 g, 27.42 ± 0.99 mm, and 11.12 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The means of wing length and width of adults were 40.66 ± 2.84 and 27.25 ± 4.70 mm. Leaf consumption increased as the larval instar grew. The total leaf area consumed averaged over both types of larvae was 183.95 ± 8.21 cm^2. The greatest leaf consumption occurred at the final instar larval stage. The fifth instar larvae of the five-instar type consumed about 76.90% while the sixth instar larvae of six-instar type consumed, 59.76% of the total amount of leaves consumed.