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台灣南部地區埃及斑蚊成蟲對殺蟲劑的抗藥性
Insecticide Resistance Status in Aedes aegypti (L.) Adults from Southern Taiwan
摘要
本研究以世界衛生組織（World Health Organization, WHO）鑑別濃度藥膜監測自2002至2012年台灣南部地區埃及斑蚊成蟲對安丹、撲滅松、賽飛寧、第滅寧、依芬寧、百滅寧及賽洛寧的抗藥性，結果顯示台灣南部地區埃及斑蚊對撲滅松均不具抗藥性，依芬寧及百滅寧均不適宜用於台灣南部地區埃及斑蚊的防治。高雄市族群對安丹及第滅寧產生抗藥性的比例最高，屏東縣族群次之，台南市族群最低。屏東縣族群對賽飛寧及賽洛寧產生抗藥性的比例最高，高雄市族群次之，台南市族群最低。各地野外族群對殺蟲劑產生抗藥性與藥劑施用後的選汰壓力有關，高雄地區於2007至2008年使用第滅寧、賽飛寧及賽洛寧防治登革熱病媒蚊，造成2009年對第滅寧、賽飛寧及賽洛寧產生抗藥性的族群比例增加。由埃及斑蚊成蟲對殺蟲劑感藥性基線之生物檢定得知，高雄市、屏東縣及台南市各族群埃及斑蚊對賽飛寧、第滅寧、百滅寧及賽洛寧等除蟲菊劑具中度到極高度的抗藥性。以微量盤生化分析埃及斑蚊成蟲的酵素活性，安丹抑制野外族群與敏感對照NS品系埃及斑蚊體內乙醯膽鹼酯酶的殘留活性百分比不具明顯差異，各族群對有機磷劑的撲滅松均具高度感受性。由微量盤生化分析也證實對除蟲菊劑產生抗藥性的埃及斑蚊會提升麩胱苷肽硫轉基酶、細胞色素P450單氧化酶及β-酯酶等酵素活性吸光值，顯示對除蟲菊劑的抗藥性與埃及斑蚊體內解毒酵素活性增加有關。
並列摘要
Aedes aegypti were collected from Kaohsiung City, Pingtung County and Tainan City, from 2002 to 2012. World Health Organization's standard protocols were used for the insecticide bioassays and biochemical assays to determine the insecticide susceptibility and resistance mechanisms. The susceptibility of mosquitoes was tested against propoxur (0.1%), fenitrothion (1%), cyfluthrin (0.15%), deltamethrin (0.05%), etofenprox (0.5%), permethrin (0.75%) and lambda cyhalothrin (0.05%). All field cohorts from southern Taiwan were highly susceptible to fenitrothion and highly resistant to permethrin and etofenprox. The results showed a higher proportion of resistant cohorts against propoxur and deltamethrin in Kaohsiung City than in Pingtung County and Tainan City, and a higher proportion of resistant cohorts against cyfluthrin and lambda cyhalothrin in Pingtung County than in Kaohsiung City and Tainan City. The difference in the resistance profiles between these areas is in accordance to the insecticide used. Since Kaohsiung City has adopted the use of deltamethrin, cyfluthrin and lambda cyhalothrin for the control of dengue vectors in 2007 to 2008, the proportions of resistant cohorts against deltamethrin, cyfluthrin and lambda cyhalothrin all increased in 2009. In this study, we used the insecticide-impregnated paper bioassay method which revealed moderate to extremely high levels of resistance to cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and lambda cyhalothrin in Aedes aegypti from Southern Taiwan. The biochemical assays showed that the activity of glutathione-S-transferase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and β-esterase were elevated in the field cohorts in comparison with the NS strain. These results imply that these three enzymes are involved in the pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti of Taiwan, however, no evidence was found for the altered acetycholinesterase sensitivity.