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熱帶火蟻與長角黃山蟻兩入侵種螞蟻之種間侵略性互動
Interspecific Aggressive Interaction between Two Invasive Ant Species, ＂Solenopsis geminate＂ and ＂Paratrechina longicornis＂ (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
摘要
入侵種螞蟻在非原生地通常較其他螞蟻物種更能有效利用資源並快速取得食物。本研究利用掉落式陷阱和誘餌試驗調查臺中地區熱帶火蟻（＂Solenopsis geminata＂）發生地周遭其他螞蟻種類，結果在掉落式陷阱試驗中共採集到3,651隻螞蟻，分屬9種螞蟻，其中長角黃山蟻（＂Paratrechina longicornis＂）為該發生地中最常見的螞蟻物種。誘餌試驗中觀察到長角黃山蟻較快發現食物，但熱帶火蟻招募同伴與佔領誘餌的能力比長角黃山蟻快速。本研究於實驗室內進行一系列種內與種間的行為試驗，以檢視熱帶火蟻和長角黃山蟻之間的個體與群體侵略性反應。在種間個體試驗中發現熱帶火蟻較長角黃山蟻具攻擊性；種間群體互動試驗結果顯示，長角黃山蟻死亡率顯著高於熱帶火蟻。本研究初步瞭解棲息於同一地區內的熱帶火蟻與長角黃山蟻間之交互關係。熱帶火蟻攻擊力強、招募同伴以獲取食物資源的速度快；長角黃山蟻雖能快速發現食物，然一旦熱帶火蟻抵達並發現相同誘餌，長角黃山蟻隨即退避離去。本研究結果可說明此兩種入侵種螞蟻的侵略性程度與競爭能力，藉由誘餌試驗與物種間侵略性互動試驗，可瞭解入侵種螞蟻於臺灣生態系統中扮演的角色，以及它們對其他本土螞蟻的影響。
並列摘要
Invasive ants usually excel at resource exploitation and faster food retrieval than other ant species in their non-native range. This study was designed to investigate ant species by using pitfall traps and bait traps in fields infested with ＂Solenopsis geminata＂ in Taichung. A total of 3,651 ants belonging to 9 different species were collected from pitfall traps. ＂Paratrechina longicornis＂ was found to be more common in the infested areas. The results from the bait traps showed that ＂P. longicornis＂ was faster in finding food, whereas ＂S. geminata＂ was considerably faster in recruiting and controlling a food source. We conducted a series of intra- and inter-specific behavioral assays in the laboratory to examine the aggressive behavior of ＂S. geminata＂ and ＂P. longicornis＂. In interspecific individual interactions, workers of ＂S. geminata＂ were more likely to behave aggressively than were workers of ＂P. longicornis＂. The results of the group assays show that ＂P. longicornis＂ had a statistically higher mortality than ＂S. geminata＂. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the interactions between ＂S. geminata＂ and ＂P. longicornis＂ inhabiting the same area. ＂S. geminata＂ was found to be more aggressive and effective in securing a food source. Although ＂P. longicornis＂ tended to be quicker than ＂S. geminata＂ in discovering baits, once ＂S. geminata＂ arrived at the scene and discovered the same baits ＂P. longicornis＂ retreated. These results can be used to provide a partial explanation for the level of aggression and their ability to compete for workers of these two invasive species. Baiting followed by conducting interspecific aggressive interaction experiments allowed us to understand the role invasive ants play in the ecosystem and how they influence other native ant species in Taiwan.