- 期刊
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小紅鰹節蟲（鞘翅目：鰹節蟲科）於台灣之發生調查
Investigating the Current Occurrence Status of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Taiwan
摘要
小紅鰹節蟲(穀斑皮蠹；Trogoderma granarium (Everts))(鞘翅目：鰹節蟲科)屬於檢疫類積穀害蟲，曾於台灣發生並記錄，導致台灣被視為此蟲之疫區。但自1990年起，多次全國性穀倉害蟲調查均未發現此害蟲。本研究自2012年起，先自三種小紅鰹節蟲性費洛蒙誘引資材中，篩選出Fuji之Torios為最適資材，並確認其成分為(Z)-14-甲基十六烷-8-烯醛[(Z)-14-methylhexadeca- 8-enal]，然後利用此蟲性費洛蒙資材，在台灣的穀倉進行長期害蟲誘引監測，以確認此蟲在台灣是否存在。針對進口穀物部分，調查處所包含台中及高雄港兩處進口穀倉、農糧署從澳洲及東南亞輸入之進口米倉約30處及2處民營進口雜糧倉；而針對本土穀倉部分，則包含稻穀倉48處及碾米廠區58處，調查範圍均勻分布於全台灣各處之主要穀物貯藏倉庫。監測點每6週更換一次性費洛蒙餌劑，經持續3年以上之調查結果顯示，不論進口穀物倉、本土稻穀倉及碾米廠區之監測樣品，均未發現此檢疫害蟲，推測可能因檢疫專職機構之建立、積穀害蟲防治推薦藥劑之更替及穀物貯藏方式之改變等，導致此蟲並未能在台灣穀倉立足。小紅鰹節蟲在台灣應屬曾發生，但現已不存在，故台灣現應屬小紅鰹節蟲之非疫區。
並列摘要
Trogoderma granarium (Everts) is a quarantine pest of stored grains. This pest was recorded once in Taiwan, and as a result Taiwan remains being listed among the infested countries. However, since 1990 this pest has never again been found in any of the nationwide investigations. In order to determine if Trogoderma granarium still occurrs at the present time in Taiwan, a 3-year surveillance program was conducted starting in 2012. During this investigation period, the pheromone trap, Torios (Fuji) was selected from three commercial models as being the best- fitting trap for use in this surveillance. The active ingredient of this pheromone trap is (Z)-14-methylhexadeca-8-enal. Two sources of the stored grains, imported and local, were used in the survey. For the imported grains, two warehouses in Taichung and Kaohsiung Harbor, and 30 warehouses storing rice imported from Australia and Southeast Asia by the Agriculture and Food Agency of Taiwan, as well as the grain bins of two private enterprises were surveyed. For the local grains, 48 rice barns and 58 rice mills were surveyed. All of the above surveyed warehouses were evenly distributed across Taiwan. The pheromone traps were hung in each survey site and were renewed every six weeks. The traps that were removed and replaced were mailed to the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute to be examined for the insects they caught. The results showed that no T. granarium were ever detected from any of these survey sites during the 3-yr monitoring period. Certain strategies, including the establishment of a dedicated quarantine organization, the use of new pesticides, and a change of storage methods, might be responsible for the elimination of T. granarium from Taiwan. With this investigation, we suggest that Taiwan should be listed as an area that is free of the pest T. granarium.