- 期刊
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故宮院區白蟻族群調查與防治
Termite Survey and Control in the National Palace Museum
摘要
身為世界知名博物館之一的台北國立故宮博物院，院藏品中超過9成為有機材質所組成，是以蟲害防治一直是文物保存維護工作中重要之一環；特別是針對有機材質物品及建築物極具破壞力的白蟻物種。2011年5月到2012年8月以間隔3公尺埋設木樁方式進行院區三棟主要建築物周邊白蟻族群調查，結果指出294枝埋設之木樁中有24.8%的位址曾偵測到白蟻，平均每個月有10.7 ± 1.7枝木樁被白蟻取食。目前發現有台灣家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki），黃肢散白蟻（Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima)）及台灣土白蟻（Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)）三種，其中黃肢散白蟻為優勢種（46.2%）。在特定位址的偵測木有同時或交替偵測到2或3種白蟻的情形，推測不同白蟻族群間領域在此十分靠近或重疊；依據上述重覆偵測到白蟻超過5次以上的地點被視為分布熱點，優先進行投藥防治並標記為再入侵風險高的地點。2012年9月開始原址改以專業型白蟻偵測站持續進行監測與防治，防治標的為台灣家白蟻及黃肢散白蟻，施藥後三種白蟻被偵測到次數均逐年降低，平均族群滅絕率為73.5%。防治台灣家白蟻平均用藥2.9 ± 0.8管，平均投藥時間3.1 ± 0.7個月，投藥成功率為71.4%；防治黃肢散白蟻平均用藥2.6 ± 0.6管，平均投藥時間為4.5 ± 0.9個月，投藥成功率為76.9%；防治成功處迄今都未再發現白蟻。
並列摘要
The National Palace Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world. More than 90% of the collections are composed of organic materials, which are vulnerable to insect attacks. Thus, pest management is a critical issue in conservation. Termites, which can cause severe and unrecoverable damage to organic objects and buildings, are the primary concern. A termite survey was conducted by burying wooden stakes at 3-meter intervals surrounding the three main buildings of the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan, for 16 months. The survey results revealed that 24.8% of the survey stakes were infested, and 10.7 ± 1.7 infested stakes were found per month on average. Three termite species, namely Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima), and Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki), were identified, and R. flaviceps was the dominant species (46.2%). Stakes infested alternately by two or three species were observed at some distinct spots. Furthermore, two species simultaneously infested separate parts of the same stake. The foraging tunnels made by different populations were proposed to be very close or even overlapping in these spots. These hot spots (termite detection ≥ 5 times) were baited with first priority and considered risky spots for termite reinvasion. The termite bait station system was set up in September of 2012 for long-term termite monitoring and control. The success rates of the bait were 76.9% and 71.4% for R. flaviceps and C. formosanus, respectively. On average, 4.5 ± 0.9 months and 2.6 ± 0.6 bait tubes were required for complete control of R. flaviceps. Colony elimination of C. formosanus required 3.1 ± 0.7 months and 2.9 ± 0.8 bait tubes. Termites were not found in these termite elimination areas since then.