Motivation for Adopting COVID Preventive Practices Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Three Competing Models

醫護人員採用COVID預防措施動機調查：三種模型指導下的措施對比

Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli ； Zainab Almogheer ； Sarret Seng ； Bassema Abufarsakh ； Wanqing Xie

《澳門護理雜誌》 22卷2期 (2024/03) Pp. 46-61

https://doi.org/10.6729/MJN.202403_22(2).007

摘要

Background: Healthcare workers' risk perceptions towards contracting Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) may determine their adoption of preventive behaviors. The adoption of six-feet physical distancing and wearing face coverings reduces the spread of COVID-19 in the community setting. Three theoretical models, the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) have been used to determine the adoption of preventive practices in relation to infectious diseases. Objective: We examined the association between measures of behavioral models guiding preventive practices and using COVID-19 preventive practices (physical distancing and face coverings) among healthcare workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an electronic survey of healthcare workers (N=279) in the southeastern United States. Results: Of the HBM measures, the perceived severity and benefits subscales were associated with physical distancing. Of the PMT measures, the perceived severity and response efficacy subscales were associated with physical distancing, whereas the vulnerability, extrinsic reward, and intention subscales were associated with facial coverings. Finally, no TPB measures were directly associated with outcome measures. Conclusions: Future studies may assess how theoretically derived measures may be useful in guiding interventions to support preventive practices adoption among healthcare workers in future infectious disease public health situations.

關鍵字

COVID-19 ； preventive practices ； Theory of Planned Behavior ； Protection Motivation Theory ； Health Belief Model

並列摘要

背景：醫護人員對2019冠狀病毒感染（COVID-19）的風險認知可決定其採取預防措施。保持六英尺的社交距離和戴⼜罩可減少COVID-19在社區中的傳播。以往採⽤健康信念模型（HBM）、保護動機理論（PMT）和計劃⾏為理論（TPB）模型來指導控制其他傳染病的預防措施。目的：研究針對以上三個理論模型指導下的預防措施的測量與COVID-19預防措施中的社交距離和又罩的關係。⽅法：本橫斷面研究對美國東南部醫療⼯作者（N=279）進⾏電⼦問卷調查。結果：在HBM為指導的預防措施的測量中，感知到的嚴重性和益處與保持社交距離相關︔在PMT為指導的預防措施的測量中，感知到的嚴重性和反應效能與保持社交距離相關，⽽易感性、外在獎勵和意圖與戴⼜罩相關；在TPB為指導的預防措施的測量中，未發現與社交距離和戴⼜罩相關的因素。結論：未來研究應該評估在理論模型指導下的預防措施對控制傳染病的有效性。

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； 預防措施 ； 計劃⾏為理論 ； 保護動機理論 ； 健康信念模型