高一志的辯護：Deus漢譯之争新考

在明清以降天主教史學的研究中，有關「Deus 神學概念的譯名之爭」，一直倍受學者們的關注。以往學界研究大多聚焦于利瑪竇與龍華民等關於譯名之爭的研究，而忽略了高一志在這場論爭中所發揮的重要作用。究其原因，可能是因為缺乏相關原始史料，使得這一領域的研究很難深入。本文致力於通過對高一志發給總會長及有關上司的書信的挖掘、分析與整合，集中研究高一志（Alfonso Vagnone, S.J, 1566-1640）為Deus 漢譯為「天」與「上帝」術語的辯護，以期呈現整個事件在特定時空與跨文化背景下的神學與歷史意義。首先介紹高一志其人；其次，簡述羅明堅的從「了無私」到「天主」與「上帝」的演變；接著，分析「Deus 譯名之爭的緣由」；再論述，高一志與龍華民兩派在澳門與嘉定會議中圍繞「術語問題」展開的論辯；重點分析高一志為術語問題所做的系統的辯護。最後談，高一志為Deus 漢譯為「天」與「上帝」辯護的歷史意義。

關鍵字

高一志； Deus ；了無私；上帝；天；天主

並列摘要

In the study of Catholic Church history during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the terminological dispute over the term Deus has for a long time received the attention of scholars. Most scholars have focused their research on the dispute between Matteo Ricci and Niccolò Longobardo. They have completely ignored the important contribution of Alfonso Vagnone (1566-1640) to this controversy. This is most likely due to a lack of access to the original sources, which has made research into this field more difficult. This study makes use of the discovery, analysis and collection of original documents (letters) by Alfonso Vagnone who defended the translation of Deus by Tian and Shangdi. It manifests the historical and theological meaning of the dispute, which took place at a particular time, but which at the same time, surpasses its cultural background. The essay will first introduce Alfonso Vagnone, the person. Secondly, it will briefly discuss the book by Michael Ruggeri, entitled, ＂From Liaowusi to Tianzhu and Shangdi.＂ It will then analyze the cause of the debate about the term Deus. It will describe the debate between Vagnone and Longobardo regarding the question of terminology held in Macao and Jiading. Then it will analyze the untiring defense Vagnone made regarding this question. Finally, it will present the historical meaning of Alfonso Vagnone’s defense of the use of Tian and Shangdi to translate Deus.