《周易》「孚」與道教「符」義之創造詮釋析論

《易》之多元詮釋傳統，乃歷代諸家創造詮釋的結果，道教詮釋觀點亦可為其一。道教作為中國本土宗教，迄今仍極具影響力。從道教觀點詮釋《易》乃重要課題，但從道藏相關典籍考察，卻少見以道教思想詮釋《易經》經文之著述。本文藉由「創造的詮釋學」概念，以《易》「孚」為討論中心，先整理諸家釋「孚」之眾說以「批判的繼承」，再試以道教思想觀點為「創造的發展」之進路以「符」釋「孚」。《易》之卜筮特點，與道教神鬼方術文化特色相應。道教因術以度人，道「符」乃重要術用。此外，《易》寓教於卜筮，而道「符」除了藉神靈之力以招福袪災，更深蘊宗教倫理。在道「符」視域下，以「『符』籙」為主體所開展之意義群釋「孚」，尚有「信」、「符合」、「契」、「憑證」、「伏」、「浮」、「輔」、「瑞應」等意，既發揮道教「『符』籙」涵義，亦相應於《易》之「變易」特點，隨應人事而變。且「符」與「孚」二字，聲近韻同，可通假。意義群之間的語言訓詁關係，亦於古訓有證。

關鍵字

周易；孚；道教；符；創造詮釋

並列摘要

Accordings to the different views, one can reveal the various explanations of 'fu'. Because of the abstract symbols, the explanations of Yijing are various, the view of Taoism is involved. By the way of Creative Hermeneutics, the explanatory comment of the word 'fu' in Yijing includes continuity and transformative rebirth. Taoism is the native religion in China, it still has great influence on Chinese nowadays. The characteristic of Yijing is divination, which can be compared to Taoism. The study of Taoism- Yijing is important. The Tao-spell is an important skill to help people in Taoism. There are magic power to blessing and the rules in religion. In the view of Tao-Fu ' there are various explanations of the word 'fu' in Yijing, including 'spell, ＂correspond, ＂contract, ＂certificate, ＂conceal, ＂appear, ' 'assist, ＂bless'... etc. These explanations are full of the meanings of Tao-fu, and the changes in Yijing. The word 'fu' in Taoism and the word 'fu' in Yijing are similar in phonology. They can be used in the same way sometimes. The relationship of phonology between the meanings-group in 'fu' can be detected in the historical semantics books.