環保植存：卡大地布祖靈文化之傳承

2012年台東卡大地布（Katratripulr）卑南部落反遷葬族人公墓，向高雄高等法院提出行政訴訟，控告臺東縣政府及市公所行政疏失違法，經歷長達六年抗爭，最終雙方達成和解，2018年成立卡大地布先祖追思文化園區，可謂全台第一座原住民族環保植存園區。本研究以部落族人為研究對象，透過半結構式訪談，企圖了解部落族人接受「環保植存」現代作法之想法。研究結果顯示，族人基於生死信仰－祖靈文化，深信先人會「回家」，回到過去生活的地方，堅持反遷葬；環保植存縱然葬式改變，其作法在精神上卻更貼近傳統殯葬文化（無墓、無碑、入土），清明時節通過族人的經驗與記憶，藉由儀式聖顯（hierophany）－無形karuma' an，即「表徵的空間」（spaces of representation），先人與後人的關係有了共時性的再生產，實踐卑南族傳統祭祖內涵與精神，可視為部落傳統殯葬文化復古的創新作法；更重要的是先人能與子孫們「在一起」，具傳統祖靈屋（karuma' an，本家、舊家）內涵，兼顧土地原鄉與祖靈信仰雙層意義。

Keywords

環保植存；卡大地布；反遷葬；祖靈屋；祖靈文化

Parallel abstracts

In 2012, people from Beinan Katratripulr tribe in Taitung objected to the relocation of their clans' graves and filed an administrative lawsuit in the Kaohsiung Branch of the Taiwan High Court to accuse the Taitung County Government and City Office of administrative negligence and illegality and finally reached an agreement after 6 years of struggle. In 2018, the Katratripulr Ancestor Memorial Culture Park was established, which is the first indigenous eco-friendly soil burial zone in Taiwan. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with tribe members to identify the reasons for their final acceptance of the modern practice of eco-friendly soil burial. This study reveals that the tribe's members insisted on the objection to the grave relocation because they have an ancestral soul belief culture in which they believe that the deceased ancestors would "go home" and return to their former residence. They can accept eco-friendly soil burial because even though the burial style is changed, its practice is spiritually similar to that of their traditional funeral culture, for example no tomb, no tomb stone and soil burial. During the Qingming Festival, through the tribe members' experience and memory, as well as the worship ritual, the Ancestor Memorial Park turns to be hierophany--an invisible karuma'an, i.e. spaces of representation, by which the relationship between ancestors and descendants has a synchronic reproduction to practice the connotation and spirit of Beinan tribes' traditional ancestor worship. This can be regarded as an innovative way to restore the traditional funeral culture of the tribe. More importantly, the eco-friendly soil burial allows the ancestors to "be together" with their descendants. It has the connotation of traditional Karuma an (ancestral soul's home, original home), as well as the dual meaning of native land and belief of ancestral soul.