- 期刊
多功能巨蛋體育館現況與發展趨勢之探討－以美、日職業棒球聯盟球場為例
Research on the Current Situation and Developing Trend of the Multi-functional Arena- Taking MLB and NPB Baseball Stadium as an Example
摘要
隨著時代進步，多功能巨蛋體育館經營，除舉行體育運動比賽之外，多元性的活動(event)辦理，是經營多功能運動場館經營成功與否的重要關鍵元素，例如紐約洋基球場、日本東京巨蛋，都朝多功能使用的趨勢發展，成為觀光、休閒、娛樂等多元性的休閒園區。美國職棒大聯盟(MLB)與日本職棒聯盟(NPB)的職棒比賽因為採取屬地主義，不管是球團自己興建，或是向政府租用球場，每支球隊都有自己的主球場。美國職棒大聯盟30 支球隊的主場各自擁有自己的特色，有百年歷史的球場，有造價昂貴的球場，有濱臨海灣的球場，有建築在高海拔的球場，有藍天綠地的開放式場館，也有封閉式的室內球場，均各自擁有獨有的特色。東京巨蛋在1988 年開幕後，1990 年代日本可說陷入了巨蛋熱（吳永誠，2013），在日本職棒的六座巨蛋球場各有不同特色，有的空氣膜屋頂(東京巨蛋)，有的外型奇特(大阪巨蛋)，有的是後來才加蓋屋頂(西武巨蛋)，還有可開閉的屋頂(福岡巨蛋)，有樸實不花俏(名古屋巨蛋)，也有棒、足球兩用(札幌巨蛋)。也有高中棒球的聖地(甲子園球場)，大學棒球選手的夢想(明治神宮球場)，各自吸引不同地區的觀眾，成為球隊的粉絲。然而自從1989 年藍鳥隊啟用屋頂可開閉的天頂球場(即現在的羅傑斯球場)後，大聯盟逐漸開始流行這種開閉式巨蛋。最近一座啟用的開閉式巨蛋為2012 年的馬林魚球場，顯示開閉式巨蛋已成為大聯盟室內球場的主流。在日本棒球聯盟，室內球場皆使用人工草皮、只有一座球場屋頂可以開啟。在球場內觀眾座席上，美國大聯盟以包廂式最受歡迎，日本棒球聯盟則規畫許多不同的座席，在行銷門票上採差異化行銷，以各種不同的座席價格區隔，滿足不同目標觀眾的需求，另縮短本壘後方距離為美國新球場的趨勢。整體上美日兩國在棒球場地的發展仍有很大差異。
並列摘要
With the progress of the times, multi-function stadium operation, in addition to sports competitions, the diversity of activities (event) for multi-purpose sports stadium operation is an important key to the success of key elements, such as New York Yankee Stadium, Japan Tokyo Dome, are towards the multi-functional use of the trend of development, as tourism, leisure, entertainment and other diversified leisure park. MLB and NPB's professional baseball game is based on territorialism, whether it is the pellet itself to build, or to the government to hire the stadium, each team has its own stadium. However, since the Blue Jays opened the roof in 1989 can be opened and closed the zenith stadium (now Rogers Stadium), the major league gradually began to pop the open-end dome. The opening of a recently opened dome for the 2012 marlin stadium, shows the open and closed dome has become the major league indoor stadiums mainstream. In the Japan Baseball League, indoor stadiums are used artificial turf, only a stadium roof can be opened. In the stadium audience seats, the United States to the most popular box-type alliance, the Japanese Baseball League is planning a number of different seats in the marketing of the admission of differentiated marketing, with a variety of seat price segmentation to meet the different target audience Demand, and the other to shorten the home base from the rear of the US new stadium trend. Overall the United States and Japan in the development of baseball venues are still very different.