嘉義縣國小學童參與游泳課的動機與社會支持之研究

本研究目的在暸解嘉義縣、國小五、六年級學童上游泳課的參與動機與社會支持之現況、不同背景變項對參與動機與社會支持之差異情形，以及參與動機對社會支持文的預測情形。研究者以嘉義縣、16所國小五、六年級學童為抽樣對象，進行問卷調查，共發出320份問卷，有效問卷298份，問卷有效率為93.1%。資料分析採描述性統計、t考驗和迴歸分析。結果發現：嘉義縣、國小五、六年級學童，在游泳課的社會支持接近中上程度，在參與動機上則超過同意的程度；在社會支持的各構面中，學童認為朋友支持是最重要的，在游泳的參與動機各個構面中，學童認為健康需求是最需要的；嘉義縣、國小五、六年級學童，在性別方面，女生的社會支持大於男生，參與動機上則沒有顯著性別差異；在年、妓方面，五年級的社會支持高於六年級；在參與動機上則沒有顯著年級差異。在國小學童游泳課的參與動機各構面對社會支持之家人支持與朋友支持的影響分析，以成就需求對家人支持與朋友支持之影響最大。本研究所獲得之結論：國小五、六年級學童，在游泳課的參與動機是高的，而且成就需求最能影響社會支持，這可供國小體育教師或游泳教練，作為未來編排學校游泳課程之參考。

關鍵字

游泳；參與動機；社會支持

並列摘要

The study's objective was to discover elementary school children 's participation motivation and social support of swimming class in Chiayi County, and the differences of the two variables caused by various backgrounds, as well as the correlation of children's social support and participation motivation and the prediction toward their motivation. This study was based upon fifth and sixth-grade children in Chiayi County, using questionnaire as a means. 320 copies of questionnaires were sent and 298 questionnaires were valid, thus the efficiency rate is 93.1%. The analyzed results were: the elementary school children in Chiayi County reflected their social support in swimming class as close to average-high and participation motivation in swimming was above agreeable. In every aspect of social support, children rated friends' support as the most important. In every aspect of motivation, health was the most needed. For the fifth and sixth graders, girls' social support scored higher than the boys, but there was no significant difference in participation motivation on gender. Of different school years, fifth graders scored more on social support and the sixth graders, but motivation showed no significant difference. In the correlation of every aspect of participation motivation and social support (family/friends,) it was positively correlated, with achievement needs having the highest influence on supports. The study found that fifth grade and sixth grade children's participation motivation in swimming were high, and achievement needs affected social support the most. The results found in this study may offer as a reference to elementary school PE teachers or swimming coach as future swimming course arrangement.