試析華人女性穆斯林「頭巾觀」－以臨夏和香港為例探討之

作為穆斯林婦女服飾一部分的「頭巾」（hijāb），它在過往曾被西方女性主義者視為是對婦女約束及壓迫的象徵；但在近年來「頭巾」反而成為了穆斯林群體維護自身宗教認同、族群界限的依據。本研究透過對生活在臨夏和香港的華人穆斯林女性群體的調查，嘗試以「頭巾」為探討主題，通過主位（emic）理解和客位（etic）分析，以從更深的層面來解讀這兩地的穆斯林女性群體對「頭巾」的理解，「頭巾」之於她們有著何種文化意涵，從而探討這兩個地區的華人穆斯林婦女如何透過對自身服飾（頭巾）的選擇實踐來呈現自我文化與宗教的認同，而在這其中內在個人因素和外部環境又發揮了如何的作用。

關鍵字

頭巾；香港；臨夏；伊斯蘭；穆斯林婦女

並列摘要

As one part of the Muslim women's dress, ＂Hijāb＂ has been considered as the symbol of constraints and oppression to Muslim women in the western feminists' eyes. However, ＂Hijāb＂ has recently become their own religious identification of ethnic boundaries by Muslims. In this paper, fieldwork was conducted in the regions of Linxia and Hong Kong. It tries to explore the reason why local Chinese Muslim women chose to wear the ＂Hijāb＂, and to analyze their agency within the Muslim communities. Besides, it also discusses how the Chinese Muslim women show themselves through their own clothing choice in these two regions. The internal personal factors and the external environment influence have played crucial roles in this daily practice.