越華現代詩中的戰爭書寫與離散敘述

本文探討越南華文詩人的作品，並以越戰為時代記憶，探討越南華文現代詩中有關戰爭的敘事，以及因此而衍生的離散敘述。越南華文現代詩深受台灣現代詩的影響，台灣詩人吳望堯、洛夫、瘂弦的引介及幼獅文藝等雜誌的流傳，促使當地詩人放下格律詩的形式，改向現代主義的手法邁進，而在1960-1975年，塑造了越華現代詩的興盛時期。然而歷時多年的越戰，也使得越華詩人遭逢時代的悲劇與苦痛，越戰成為他們共同的記憶，透過詩歌，越華詩人述說了烽火下的心境與獨特的戰爭經驗。本文以越南的風笛詩社、《十二人詩輯》詩人群、刀飛、藥河、古弦、尹玲、方明等人的詩作，以及相關的選集為範圍，從中選取與戰爭有關的現代詩作品進行深度探討，最後並與台灣詩人洛夫的「西貢詩鈔」加以對照，以俾提供越戰敘事的亞洲經驗，凸顯華文現代詩的獨特藝術與豐富多元的意涵。

關鍵字

華文；現代詩；戰爭；離散；越南

並列摘要

This paper discusses the modern Chinese poetry written by Chinese in Vietnam. As the Vietnam War was the memory of all Vietnam people, this paper tries to explore the Vietnam War and Diaspora narrative of modern Chinese poetry from Vietnam. Modern Chinese poetry in Vietnam was deeply influenced by Taiwan modern poetry. Because of the introduction of Taiwan poets Wu Wang Yao, Lo Fu and Ya Xian and the spread of ＂Youth Literary Magazine＂ in Vietnam, the local poets approached their writing style from metrical poetry to modernist poetry. Thereby, they created the golden time of modern Chinese poetry in Vietnam in 1960 -1975. During the Vietnam War, the Chinese poets in Vietnam suffered from the tragedy and pain of the times. They regarded the Vietnam War as their collective memory and described the state of minds and unique experiences of war in their poetry. So this paper selects poems of ＂Fengti Poetic Club＂, ＂Twelve Poems Series＂ and of poets like Dao Fei, Yiau Her, Gu Thuan , Yin Ling, and Fang Ming, and also other selections which were concerned with war, to explore the depth of these poems. In the end this paper compares Lo Fu's ＂Saigon Poems＂ with those poems which represent the narratives of the experience of the Vietnam War, highlighting the unique meaning of art and multiple implications of modern Chinese poetry.