打造冷戰兒童：香港友聯《兒童樂園》與自由亞洲協會的文化宣傳（1951-1954）

本文從文化宣傳角度，探究冷戰時期自由亞洲協會，如何將「兒童」納入宣傳的目標群體，透過香港友聯編輯《兒童樂園》（1953-1994），向東南亞進行跨地域文化傳播。先行研究探討《兒童樂園》文本內容和個別參與者，較少從歷史檔案探討「兒童」與「冷戰」的關連。本文試圖指出文化冷戰中「兒童」對於美國文化宣傳的意義和重要性。透過美國中央情報局檔案，以及史丹福大學胡佛檔案，本文分析《兒童樂園》創刊的具體過程，進一步理解冷戰時期美國權力的宣傳邏輯。首先，剖析「兒童」作為目標群體在美國文化冷戰中的定位，20世紀以來，現代國家利用兒童對於意識型態的接收，從事特定觀念和價值灌輸。其次，香港南來文人人際網絡和文化資本共同促成該刊物的誕生。該刊延續中國上海出版經驗和學習日本兒童文學，形構出完整的翻譯、插圖和編輯班底。最後，透過自由亞洲協會在東南亞各地的行銷據點，由香港輸出自由世界的價值，嘗試打造自由世界冷戰兒童的群體。

關鍵字

文化冷戰；隱蔽行動；美援文化；非政府組織；宣傳研究

並列摘要

From the perspective of cultural propaganda, this article explores how the Committee of Free Asia managed to incorporate "children" as target group through Children's Paradise (1953-1994) and disseminated this propaganda to Southeast Asia child readers during the Cold War. Previous research has focused on the textual content analysis and construction the images of children in Children's Paradise. Existing research rarely examines the relationship between "children" and the "Cold War" utilizing historical archives. This paper identified the significance of "children" as recipients of propaganda while referencing the CIA and Hoover Archives, thus portraying the propaganda logic of American power during the Cold War. The findings are: First, the position of "children" as a target group in the Cold War combined with the political power which engaged in the instillation of specific concepts and values since the twentieth century. Second, the interpersonal network and cultural capital of Hong Kong writers who contributed to the publication of Children's Paradise. The magazine drew inspiration from two long-established children's publications, one from Shanghai and the other from Japan. Last, through the Committee of Free Asia's marketing bases across Southeast Asia, Hong Kong exported the values of the free world, and creating the community of Cold War children.