- 期刊
混雜主體：科技哲學中的「後人類」
The Hybrid Subject: The ＂Post-human＂ in Philosophy of Technology
摘要
隨著科技的發展，人作為現代主體的位置已搖搖欲墜。賽伯格的增生宣告我們如今身處於「後人類」處境之中。本文試圖藉由BrunoLatour、Don Ihde 與Andy Clark等人的科技哲學理論，構連出一種可能的後人類主體形象。本文主張，隨著當代科技哲學開始重視「物」的行動，這第一重「去中心化」已開啟後人類處境的討論。然而，不論是Latour還是Ihde，雖然都已否定傳統人文主義主體，但卻未能進一步討論可能的後人類主體。因此，本文主張轉向第二重去中心化，透過Clark的「延伸心智論題」描繪出一種「混雜主體」。混雜主體既不內在於人的大腦，也不僅止於身體邊界。它茁生於每一個「人—科技物—世界」的關係之中。這樣的主體不再是所謂的「大寫之人」，而是認知到自身有限性、並尋求共同生活可能性的人。
並列摘要
Since the late twentieth century, Man as the modern subject has approached his end. The proliferation of cyborgs due to the development of information and other technologies shows that we are already situated in the ＂post-human＂ condition. This article tries to articulate a possible image of the posthuman subject by reviewing Bruno Latour's, Don Ihde's, and Andy Clark's philosophy of technology. First, this article suggests that the contemporary philosophy of technology has already opened the exploration of the posthuman condition, emphasizing the activities of ＂objects＂ and reconsidering the dominance of ＂humans＂. This author call this process the first decentralization. Latour and Ihde have rejected the western humanistic subject by rearranging the relationship between humans and objects. However, they failed to depict a clear image of the posthuman subject. This article, therefore, turns to the second decentralization. By reviewing Clark's ＂the extended mind thesis＂, we try to depict a possible image of the posthuman subject. We call it ＂the hybrid subject＂. It is neither brain-bound nor inside our skin bag, but rather emerges from each ＂human-technologies-world＂ relationship. The hybrid subject hence no longer is ＂Man＂ of Western humanism. He/She/It becomes conscious of his/hers/its own limitations, and begins to search for possible ways to live as ＂companion species＂.