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卡夫卡《變形記》中的家庭關係
The Family Relationships in Kafka's The Metamorphosis
摘要
卡夫卡小說《變形記》描述現代人存在的危機與困境，在意識與潛意識的分裂中，不自覺於疏離異化，呈現生命的荒謬。主角藉著變形為蟲，逃避現實的桎梏，卻反而揭露了人性的自私，而走向絕望的終局。在傳統童話主題「變形」的外衣之下，實際上卻缺乏對美好期待的滿足，而只發掘出反童話的殘忍真相。本文探討薩姆薩家庭的剝削寄生狀況，作為葛列果變形的緣由；他與父親、母親、妹妹之間個別的關係，受到潛意識中權力慾望與亂倫情結的影響，透過變形而顯現出來；他們對葛列果變形的鄙棄反應，呈現其自信的提升，事實上是真正的變形者；葛列果的死亡對家庭成員們則具有解放的意義，使其得以重生；最後闡述這部小說乃是作者自身家庭關係的投射。
並列摘要
Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis depicts the crisis and predicament of existence of the modern man-being in the conflict between the conscious and the unconscious and unaware of his own estrangement and alienation-and manifests the absurdity of life. Through transforming into a beetle, the protagonist tries to evade the oppression of the reality, only resulting in exposure of the selfishness of humanity and ending in hopelessness. Under the cloak of a traditional motif of fairytale ＂transfiguration＂, it lacks nevertheless the typical satisfaction which the reader expects from a fairytale. On the contrary, it just digs out the cruel truth of an anti-fairytale. My thesis investigates the exploitative and parasitic situation of the Samsa family which is the reason of the protagonist's transformation; his relationships to the father, the mother, and the sister respectively are dominated by power desire and the Oedipus complex; the despising reactions of the family members to his transformation express their increasing self-confidence; the protagonist's death is no less than a salvation for the remaining family members. At the end the reflection of the circumstances of Kafka's own family on the Samsa family in the novel will be discussed.