社會排除與社會融合：比較歐盟與台灣的政策

Social Exclusion And Social Inclusion: A Comparison of Policies between European Union and Taiwan

孫碧霞(Sun, Pi-hsia)

《人文與社會學報》 3卷7期 (2018/05) Pp. 49-76

摘要

「社會排除」的概念起源於歐洲，歐盟不僅推展及應用此一概念，更規劃具體措施將對抗社會排除列為社會政策目標。台灣新住民普遍面臨到許多的生活適應問題，甚至成為社會排除的高風險群。因此，本文試圖藉由比較歐盟的對抗社會排除政策與台灣新住民政策，瞭解兩者之間的差異及台灣新住民政策的優劣。歐盟對抗社會排除政策與台灣新住民政策皆著重於社會權與就業的保障。台灣新住民在醫療保健、教育權與社會權等權利的享有，是較優於歐盟「第三國家國民」。在政策的執行上，歐盟運用開放協調法及促進社會夥伴的參與，來達成解決失業與對抗社會排除。但台灣政府開放各縣市地方政府與民間團體，參與政策指標的制定及計畫執行的空間有限。

關鍵字

台灣新住民 ； 社會排除 ； 對抗社會排除 ； 社會融合

並列摘要

The concept of social exclusion is originated from Europe. Combating social exclusion has not only been promoted and applied by the European Union (EU) extensively, but has also become an important social policy for implementing practical measures. In Taiwan, new immigrants usually encounter many challenges to adapt to the new society. Some are even likely to become target of social exclusion. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the EU policies to combat social exclusion and compare them to policies of Taiwan's new immigrants. Both EU and Taiwan focus on social rights and employment protection. However, compared with EU's ＂Third Country Nationals＂, Taiwan's new immigrants receive better medical care, rights to education and some other social rights. In terms of policy implementation, EU employs open coordination law and encourages social partners to combat social exclusion and solve unemployment problems. In contrast, all policies of Taiwan's new immigrants, come from central government while local governments and civilian organizations play limited role in policy formulation and implementation.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese New Immigrants ； Social Exclusion ； Combating Social Exclusion ； Social Inclusion

參考文獻

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Burchardt, T., Grand, J. Le., and Piachaud, D. (2002). “Degrees of Exclusion: Developing a Dynamic, Multidimensional Measure,” in Hills, J. Grand, J. Le., and Piachaud, D. (eds.) Understanding Social Exclusion, pp. 30-43. New York: Oxford University Press.

Department of Social Protection. (2016). “Updated National Action Plan for Social Inclusion 2015-2017,” (access ed date: 2018/04/03).

European Commission. (2004). Joint Report on Social Inclusion 2004. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.