- 期刊
宋子文辭廣東省主席經緯－政治生涯的落幕
T. V. Soong's Resigning Kwangtung Governorship and the End of His Political Career
摘要
宋子文可謂二十世紀二○至四○年代中國史上重要人物，特別是四○年代，身為「國舅」的宋子文，不但被視為中國的「豪門」、「四大家族」的代表之一，且在國民政府或是國民黨內，均有著權傾一時的態勢。但過去的學術論著對於這樣一位風雲人物最後的政治生涯階段，即宋子文於1947年9月19日受命擔任廣東省主席，至1949年1月21日辭職，有關這個時期的討論相當貧乏，而對宋的辭職，更幾乎是一片空白。究竟宋子文因何去職？在其主持粵政短短一年多的時間，時人對宋作為評價如何，其下臺與國民黨戰後施政舉措是否有關，箇中原因實值得探究。 本文所運用的史料，主要以檔案為主，如國史館典藏的《蔣中正總統檔案》和《國民政府檔案》，輔以當事人資料，並從當時報紙、雜誌，爬梳有關宋子文與廣東省政的材料。 本文以宋子文政治生涯的結束為探討中心，分析中央發行金圓券是以上海匯率作為全國標準，此舉不僅摧毀廣州法幣幣值原高於他地的優勢，同時也掀起廣州物價暴漲、金融混亂風潮，令宋子文飽受抨擊。此外，宋子文意圖購買暹邏米以解決省內糧荒問題，在幣制改革前夕，命廣東省銀行先行購買港幣以避免糧款貶值，因程序不當，遂遭時人訾議有自肥嫌疑。素與宋子文不合的CC趁機撻伐，甚至在監察院通過糾舉宋子文。蔣中正為避免此事間接影響其聲譽，且顧及內戰軍事需求，乃重新布置粵省人事，遂畫下宋子文政治生涯的休止符。
並列摘要
T. V. Soong was an important political figure in China during the second quarter of the twentieth century. Being Chiang Kai-shek's brother-in-law, Soong took good advantage of his financial background and his special relation with Chiang to control financial and economic resources of Nationalist China, which helped him become one of the most powerful persons in the Kuomintang government and party. Most previous studies of his career, however, neglect the period of his brief governorship of Kwangtung Province from September 1947 to January 1949, not to mention of his resignation later. Why did Soong resign? How did Kwangtung people estimate his performance? Did his resignation have anything to do with the Kuomintang's policies? These questions need to be answered. The present study is based on a careful review of governmental documents, recollections of related persons, newspaper clips collected by Central News Agency, and kinds of articles and newspapers of that time. The governmental documents include the Chiang Kai-shek Collections, especially The Chronological Events, and the Nationalist Government Collections currently held at the Academia Historica. This paper probes into the reason why Soong's political career came to an end. When the Nanking Government issued the gold yuan note (jing yuan quan), it set the rate of exchange in Shanghai as national standard. This decision not only destroyed the superior value of Fa-pi in Kwangtung, but also caused inflation and financial chaos in Canton. The economic situation in Canton was even worse than in other cities. Soong was severely criticized. Besides, he was also suspected to commit bribery at the same time. In order to solve the problem of lack of food in Kwangtung, Soong intended to purchase rice from Thailand, but he was not cautious enough to deal with this thing. He had known that the currency system would be reformed, so he ordered the Kwangtung Provincial Bank to buy HK dollars in advance to avoid the devaluation. The CC Clique, who was discontent with Soong for a long time, took advantage of this opportunity to find fault and requested an impeachment of Soong in the Control Yuan. For the sake to work effectively, Chiang Kai-shek considered Soong might no longer suit for the governor of Kwangtung Provicne after the KMT troops lost one battle after another in the civil war. In the other hand, to save his own reputation, Chiang made a decision to replace Soong's role, so it led the end of Soong's political career.