析論屈復《唐詩成法》的「詩法」觀

Viewpoint Analysis on Poetry Rules of Qu Fu in Tangshi Chengfa

陳美朱(Mei-Chu Chen)

《東華漢學》 Issue 35 (2022/06) Pp. 147-182

Abstracts

屈復（1668－1745）於乾隆八年（1743）付梓的《唐詩成法》，是一部單選五、七言律詩的唐詩選本。書中首首皆有圈點及詩評，並運用眾多的詩法名目，提示讀者留意詩作的「法好」、「法密」、「合法」之處；還針對詩中的用字、用詞，提出具體的修改建議。較諸一般有選無評、或是專注於詩中典故考釋的唐詩選本，更具有指點初學習詩的作用。加以屈復對唐代詩家的評價、對四唐詩作的高下分判，也都頗有見地，詩評內容更是體現其細心熟讀詩作後的獨到領會。本書誠如孫琴安《唐詩選本提要》所言：「雖不是一本著名的唐詩選本，但在評詩方法上卻能獨樹一幟，與眾不同，自有其不可忽視的地位和特點。」本書因流傳有限，僅館藏於少數圖書館善本古籍庫，迄今亦未有點校本問世。本文遂在整理歸納全書要旨後，深入探討屈復如何以詩法指點學詩、評論詩作，以及在詩法之外，兼顧「詩意」的說詩特點。期能有助學界理解屈復對唐詩的選評及其詩法觀，對於清代詩歌初學教材的樣貌，也有延伸參考的效益。

Keywords

屈復 ； 《唐詩成法》 ； 詩法 ； 唐詩選本 ； 初學教材

Parallel abstracts

Qu Fu (1668-1745) published Tangshi Chengfa in the 8^(th) year of Qianlong's reign (1743). Tangshi Chengfa is an anthology only collecting Five-Character and Seven-Character Regulated Verses. Each poem was marked and put on notes with various terms of poetry rules to remind readers about the poetry essences. To compare with the anthologies without notes or those merely focus on interpreting allusions, Tangshi Chengfa gave word references and concrete suggestions for revisions that was useful to beginning learners as well. The author, Qu Fu had his unique perspectives to the reviews about the Tang poets and poetry. Sun Qinan remarked in Tangshi Xunben Tiyao ＂Tangshi Chengfa was not a renowned anthology, yet it evaluated poems uniquely with an outstanding presentation, which means it is indispensable and characteristic.＂ The circulation of Tangshi Chengfa is limited and few libraries have collected it in Database of Rare Books. At present, no version of proofreading for punctuation marks is existing. This study organizes and summarizes the poetry rules from Tangshi Chengfa to probe into how Qu Fu instructed readers in perceiving poetics, reviewing poetry, and appreciate the poetic images delivered by Qu Fu's poetry explication. This study can not only assist academia to understand Qu Fu's viewpoints on selecting poems and poetry rules, but also can be a medium to view beginners' poetry learning material.

Parallel keywords

Qu Fu ； Tangshi Chengfa ； Poetry Rules ； Anthologies of Tang Poetry ； Learning material for beginners

References

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