性交易的罪與罰－釋字第666號解釋對性交易案件的法律效果

The Crime and Punishment of Commercial Sex: The Legal Consequences of the Judicial Interpretation No. 666

陳美華(Mei-hua Chen)

《臺灣民主季刊》 16卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 45-88

摘要

本文以訪談與判決書的內容分析來討論釋字第666號的出現及其對性交易法律實踐的影響。本文指出民進黨堅持廢娼、馬英九政府又未能落實性交易除罪化，導致基層法官透過聲請釋憲的方式來解開政治僵局；但大法官僅強調買賣雙方的平等權，而未能直面《憲法》是否保障性工作權的問題，為日後的修法埋下變數。新法對性交易的懲罰固然有微罪化的傾向，但不論在警政取締或法院裁判的過程都已喪失該號解釋強調性別平等的原則。首先，警政機關因為績分制與「喬裝員警」的關係，導致性交易取締呈現性別化、階級化、國族化的現象。其次，在司法執行上，全台地方法院只有15%的判決引用該號解釋並做出不罰性工作者的判決，影響有限。此外，絕大多數法院也默許「喬裝員警」慣行，而且法官的心證常對性工作者不利。整體而言，日常的警政與司法實踐大幅消減該號解釋所宣示的性別平等原則。

關鍵字

妓運 ； 性工作權 ； 娼妓治理 ； 性 ； 性別平等

並列摘要

Basing on interview data and content analysis of summary court cases regarding commercial sex, the article aims to examine the emergence and impacts of Judicial Interpretation No. 666. I argue that the summary court justices felt forced to file constitutional petition to unpack the deadlock of prostitution policy simple because President Ma failed to decriminalize commercial sex in his presidency. As the supreme court only emphasized on the equal rights of both sex sellers and buyers, the Interpretation No. 666 failed to reveal whether sex work is a kind of freedom of occupation protected by constitutional law. It paved the way for the uncertainty of amending prostitution regulations. Although the new regulations make commercial sex a small crime, they fail to materialize the gender equality principle, which was asserted in the Interpretation No. 666, in terms of daily implementation of prostitution policy. Firstly, police crackdowns on commercial sex is very much gendered, racialized and classed due to the merit system of National Police Agency and the institutionalization of using 'undercover police' to detect commercial sex. Secondly, there were only 15% of commercial sex cases issued by judges of summary courts cited the Judicial Interpretation No. 666, and ruled for not punishing sex workers. The impact of the Interpretation No. 666 is limited. Moreover, the majority judges of summary courts still turned a blind eye to the practices of using 'undercover police', and judges usually preferred clients' testimonies than that of sex workers. Therefore, the gender equality principle asserted by the Judicial Interpretation No. 666 and the new prostitution regulations are diminished.

並列關鍵字

sex workers' rights movement ； right to sex work ； policing prostitution ； gender equality ； sexuality

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