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誰代表障礙者？障礙者代表的政府參與及其在公民權上的意義
Who Represents ＂Disabled People＂? An Analysis of the Governmental Disability Committee and Its Implications for the Political Participation of Disabled People in Taiwan
摘要
障礙者如何在政治體制中取得代表與發聲，是障礙者政治參與的重要議題。本研究討論臺灣各級政府身心障礙委員會的制度運作、障礙者代表比例與產生方式。研究方法包括文件分析、焦點團體與深入訪談。本研究指出，過去臺灣中央與地方政府的身心障礙相關委員會，障礙者本人代表的比例非常低，且代表者多為肢體障礙者，遴選的標準不明。公部門在障礙者參與上，並沒有強調障礙者參與公共事務，所應該提供的無障礙／可及性與支持。臺北市的障礙者代表直選模式，透過增加名額與直選讓障礙者本人的代表比例增加，並強化選舉機制的公平性。然而，直選的執行方式仍被障礙者質疑。本研究認為，要落實身心障礙人權公約的精神，應該強化相關委員會遴選機制的公正性，增加障礙者代表的比例，培力障礙者本人主導的倡導團體，並落實障礙者參與公共事務的無障礙／可及性。一個民主、多元，且能無障礙／可及的政府委員會將有助於障礙者公民權的保障。
並列摘要
Participation in the public sector is an important element of disabled people's political rights. This paper explores the composition and practices of governmental disability-related advisory committees in Taiwan's central and local governments. We used documentary analysis, focus groups, and in-depth interviews in our research, finding that the percentage of disabled people in governmental disability-related advisory committees is very low; usually there are only one or two disabled committee members, in most instances with physical disabilities. Furthermore, there are no transparent criteria for the selection of disabled committee members. Accessibility and support are also rarely taken into account in these committees. In Taipei's new direct election system, the Taipei city government has increased the number of disabled committee members and broadened coverage of different types of disabilities. However, many disabled persons still question the practices of direct election. Finally, this paper suggests that to further promote the civic participation of disabled persons in public policy, the government should increase the number of disabled people in governmental disability-related advisory committees, ensure a democratic selection mechanism, empower disabled people's organizations, and provide accessibility and support for the participation of disabled people in public policies. A democratic, diverse, and accessible governmental committee will further support and protect the rights of persons with disabilities.