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澳洲原住民族文化資產管理典範轉移的歷史過程

The Paradigm Shift of Australian Indigenous Cultural Heritage Management: A Historical Analysis

摘要


本文討論在澳洲歷史中原住民族文化資產的典範轉移以及其經驗對台灣的啟發。在澳洲脈絡,「地景」此概念是文化資產/認同/歷史的建構論述的核心命題。筆者將澳洲歷史過程中的地景論述整理為三個階段:「荒野」、「叢林」與「家園」,這三個時期的地景論述都反映出了當時的族群關係,而族群關係又透過相關法制而具象化並落實於當時的原住民族文化資產管理。透過討論澳洲歷史過程中原住民族文化資產管理的典範轉移,本文主張:(1)將原住民族文化資產區分成為有形/無形無法如實反映族人的本體論認識;(2)原住民族文化資產也應重視當代原住民族社會認為重要的資產,而不是陷於對古老的、原真的文物保存的桎梏;(3)政府應肯認原住民族對文化資產的連結並積極主動將原住民族捲動進入參與式管理文化資產的過程。

並列摘要


This paper discuss the paradigm shift of Australian Indigenous cultural heritage management and its inspiration to the Taiwanese society. In Australian settings, the notion of "landscape" is critical in cultural heritage-identity-history matrix. This paper argues that the paradigm shift of "landscape" narratives in the Australian history can be categorized into three phases: wildness, bush and country. In each periods, the predominant "landscape" narrative represents ethnic relations at that certain period of time. Furthermore, ethnic relations was institutionalized into regulations of Indigenous cultural heritage management. Through discussions, this paper argues (1) the dichotomy of tangible/intangible cultural heritage does not reflect the Indigenous peoples' ontological understandings of heritage; (2) acknowledgement of the importance of contemporary history in Indigenous cultural heritage management instead of fossilization of Indigenous culture; (3) Indigenous peoples' participation is critical in sustainable Indigenous cultural heritage management.

參考文獻


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