音声的特徴と談話展開から見る応答表現「なるほど」の意味と機能

「なるほど」は、書き言葉でも話し言葉でも使うことができるが、話し言葉で応答表現として使われることが多い。これまでの研究では、「なるほど」を文字だけで考察してきた。実際、「なるほど」は話し言葉の中でもさまざまな音声的特徴を持っている。本研究では、音声データから「なるほど」には2つのイントネーションがあり、それぞれ表す意味が異なっていることが観察した。大きく分ければ、Aタイプ「ruが上昇音」とBタイプ「ruが下降音」との2種類がある。タイプA「ruが上昇音」として、実態の場合は、「意外．驚きを伴う納得」を表し、他者の意見の場合は「共感を伴う納得」を表いている。タイプB「ruが下降音」となり、事態の場合は「状況理解」、人の意見の場合は「問題が解決済みの理解」という意味を示す。また、この2つのタイプは談話の展開も異なり、タイプAは会話が続いたり、話が深まったりする傾向がある。一方、Bタイプはその後の展開は次の話題に移ったり、会話を終わらせたりすることが多い。

關鍵字

意外．驚きの納得；共感を伴う納得；状況理解；問題解決済みの理解

並列摘要

Naruhodo可使用於書面語也可使用於口語之中。在口語中常作為應答表現。以往的研究對Naruhodo僅止於文字上的考察。實際上在口語中，Naruhodo有各式各樣的聲調特徵。本研究在語音資料中觀察到兩種不同的特徵，而這兩種都與其所表現的語意有所相關。兩者分別為A型：ru為上升調，以及B型：ru為下降調的類型。在A型：ru為上升調且是事態的情況時，可以表示意外、驚訝的「恍然大悟」；在針對他人意見時，會是表示具有「共感的理解（同意）」的意思，通常會與「ね」共起。而另一型為ru下降調時的類型。所表達的是「狀況瞭解」，或者是「問題解決的了解」的意思。AB兩種類型的談話展開呈現不同樣貌。A型表達的是「恍然大悟」、「理解真諦」，或具有「共感的理解（同意）」意思，因此在對話的過程中有讓對話者（聽話者）持續進行話題或進入更深的話題的傾向。另一方面，B型表達的為「狀況瞭解」或「問題解決的理解」，因此通常在發話過後，談話容易有換下一個話題，或結束的傾象。而這種類型也容易出現在對話的最後。｜"Naruhoto" can be used in both written and spoken language, often as a response in spoken language. While previous studies have examined Naruhodo solely in textual terms, it actually has various intonation features in oral language. In this study, we observed two distinct intonation patterns, both of which are linked to different meanings. Type A involves a rising tone when "ru" is pronounced, and it can signify surprise, realization, sympathy, or agreement. Conversely, Type B features a falling tone when "ru" is pronounced, and it conveys "understanding of the situation" or "agreement implies that this problem has been solved ". Additionally, the two types of conversations exhibit different characteristics, with Type A expressing a sense of realization, understanding, and common emotions, which makes it easy for the listener to continue or delve deeper into the conversation. In contrast, Type B indicates "situation understanding" or " agreement implies that this problem has been solved," which often facilitates moving on to the next topic or ending the conversation. It also tends to appear at the end of a conversation.｜"Naruhoto" can be used in both written and spoken language, often as a response in spoken language. While previous studies have examined Naruhodo solely in textual terms, it actually has various intonation features in oral language. In this study, we observed two distinct intonation patterns, both of which are linked to different meanings. Type A involves a rising tone when "ru" is pronounced, and it can signify surprise, realization, sympathy, or agreement. Conversely, Type B features a falling tone when "ru" is pronounced, and it conveys "understanding of the situation" or "agreement implies that this problem has been solved ". Additionally, the two types of conversations exhibit different characteristics, with Type A expressing a sense of realization, understanding, and common emotions, which makes it easy for the listener to continue or delve deeper into the conversation. In contrast, Type B indicates "situation understanding" or " agreement implies that this problem has been solved," which often facilitates moving on to the next topic or ending the conversation. It also tends to appear at the end of a conversation.