- 期刊
從德國軍事檔案與其他文獻重看希里芬計畫及德軍在1914年西線作戰之偏差
Reviewing Schlieffen Plan and the First Phase of the German Campaign in the Western Front during World War Ⅰ from Recent Literature
摘要
希里芬計畫是德軍參謀本部在第一次大戰前的傑出作戰設計，由當時參謀總長希里芬伯爵所構想出的。但當戰爭在1914年8月爆發時，柏林軍事當局原先所預估的歐洲情勢已大大地有所改變，因此希氏的繼承人小毛奇並未全部執行（或部分修改）其前任原有的計畫，以致德軍無法達成初期的戰略目標，對於往後四年多之戰爭型態有極大的影響。從此批評與譴責從未間斷地指向身為最高軍事指揮官的小毛奇之資格問題。最近出爐的文獻與若干研究均指出，希里分計畫本身就有若干嚴重的缺點，難以達成預期的使命。當然小毛奇缺乏足夠的應變能力也會造成若干指揮上的難度，即使稍後新任總長法肯漢也未能提出任何有效的辦法補救上述計畫執行未能成功的部份。
並列摘要
Schlieffen plan was the German masterpiece of operation in the coming War with both France and Russia, designed by its Chief of the General Staff, Count Alfred von Schlieffen (1833~1913). But When the First World War broke out in August, 1914, the European situations had tremendously changed, in constract to that originally anticipated by the military authority in Berlin. His successor, Helmuth von (Younger) Moltke, therefore, did not execute (or revised in part of)the entire plan left by the predecessor. As a result, the German army failed to achieve its initial objectives, which had immeasurable impact on the course of the remaining war (more than four years). Since then, criticism and blame had been almost contiunally attributed to younger Moltke's qualifications for assuming such an important post. Recent literature and studies indicate, however, that Schlieffen plan itself had several Serious defects, which were difficult to complete its scheduled mission, in addition to Moltke's inability to perform as the highest commander of the German army. Even the latter's successor, Erich Falkenhayn, still could not offer any substitute for remedying the failuring part of the plan.