從昆蟲的形態及生態詮考《詩經》中「莎雞」之物種

《陸疏》有關「莎雞」的內容，歷來各家引此書或版本間的文字，頗有差異。經比較諸家引文後，發現《陸疏》之「莎雞」異於《爾雅》之「螒，天雞」，也與《毛詩正義》之「莎雞」或本草學之「樗雞」不同。諸家釋「莎雞」中，以羅願《爾雅翼》之解為最近此《毛詩》之「莎雞」。而羅願之「頭小而羽大，有青、褐兩種」之「莎雞」，即直翅目之紡織娘。諸家「莎雞」的有關圖說，《古今圖書集成》之挿圖及淵在寬、伊藤圭介之圖，皆如紡織娘。徐鼎所繪，則類似本草學之「樗雞」。岡元鳳之圖，其觸角過短，如蝗蟲不類紡織娘。今以昆蟲形態學及生態學辨分出〈七月〉及《毛傳》中「莎雞」、與〈七月〉同句之「斯螽、蟋蟀」，都屬於「漸進變態」的直翅目昆蟲，此「莎雞」就是紡織娘（Mecopoda elongata）。莎雞既為紡織娘，和蟋蟀的習性有別，就此便能推斷鄭玄「自七月在野，至十月入我床下，皆謂蟋蟀也」之說無誤。

關鍵字

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並列摘要

There are significant variations in the description of ”shaji ”(「莎雞」) in the ”Annotations” (《陸疏》) by Lu Ji (陸璣) as quoted by various authors. The analysis and synthesis of these quotations show that the ”shaji” of Lu Ji is different from the ”han, tianji” (「螒, 天雞」) of ”Er Ya” (《爾雅》), the ”shaji” of Kong Yingda's ”Annotations of the Book of Odes” (孔穎達《毛詩正義》), or the ”shuji” (「樗雞」) of Pharmacopeia (本草學). Further entomological analyses show that the ”shaji” in the ”Book of Odes” (《詩經》) is an orthopterous insect that undergoes a gradual metamorphosis, as do ”sih jhong” (「斯螽」) and crickets in the same poem. Luo Yuan's (羅願) ”shaji” resembles the ”shaji” in the Book of Odes the most. His ”shaji” has a green form and a brown form, both with a small head and broad wings. This key description fits that of the katydid Mecopoda sp.. Therefore, the ”shaji” in the Book of Odes is a Mecopoda katydid (紡織娘). The illustrations of ”shaji” in Great ”Collection of Ancient and Modern Books” (《古今圖書集成》), and in the books of Fuchi Arihiro (淵在寬) and Ito Keisuke (伊藤圭介), resemble the Mecopoda sp.. The illustration of ”shaji” in Syu Ding's (徐鼎) book is similar to the ”shuji” of Pharmacopeia. The antennae of Oka Genpo's (岡元鳳) ”shaji” are too short for a Mecopoda sp.. Jheng Syuan's (鄭玄) interpretation of the seasonal movement of crickets is entomologically correct.