笑亦有道－談晚明詼諧寓言的雅謔理論

Ways to Make People Laugh: An Analysis of the Writing Theory of ＂Bantering with a Good Intention＂ about Humorous Fables in the Late Ming Dynasty

陳秋良(Chiu-liang Chen)

《興大人文學報》 54期 (2015/03) Pp. 135-165

摘要

晚明詼諧寓言風格直露玩世，風趣快爽，尤擅以簡單而誇張的情節反映世態，展現睿智，讓中國寓言創作能以一種新的面貌出現繁盛局面。其實笑話起源甚早，古來兼有趣味性質的寓言也很多，何以時至晚明才另以「詼諧寓言」定位，必有其被推為典型的原因。有鋻於過去研究對於詼諧寓言的發展背景、語言特徵、藝術成就與社會意義等問題已多作討論，唯獨有關晚明士人的雅謔理論尚未有具體說明。因此，本文將試圖另由社會觀察以及文本探討的角度，著重發掘晚明文人對於「趣」的探索與心態，釐清晚明寓言散文從雅至諧的發展過程，並根據晚明詼諧寓言作家的寫作心得與看法，具體提出在寓莊語於諧謔的普遍共識下，晚明詼諧寓言的雅謔理論，亦即四項創作與審美標準：簡而當、平而易、諧而謔、曉而喻。

關鍵字

詼諧寓言 ； 晚明寓言 ； 雅謔理論

並列摘要

The very style of humorous fables in the late Ming dynasty takes a cynical attitude towards life. Those fable writers were good at reflecting the ways of the world with simple and exaggerated plots. Their works have put a new face on Chinese fables. Previous studies on humorous fables focused mainly on historical background, linguistic features, artistic achievement, and social significance; yet, they did not discuss the intellectuals' writing theory of ＂bantering with a good intention.＂ Therefore, this article examines the writing theory of ＂bantering with a good intention＂ in terms of social observation and text analysis. This article also explores the intellectuals' mindset of ＂fun＂ and clarifies the late-Ming fables' style evolution from seriousness to facetiousness. Finally, this article concludes by expounding the late-Ming fable writers' writing theory of ＂bantering with a good intention＂ and specifying its connotation- that is, the aesthetic standards of creation- which include ＂short,＂ ＂plain,＂ ＂witty＂ and ＂allegorical.＂

並列關鍵字

Humorous Fable, Fables in the Late Ming Dynasty, the Writing Theory of ＂Bantering with a Good Intention＂

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