套繪農業用地分割之限制

依民法第823條第1項規定：「各共有人，除法令另有規定外，得隨時請求分割共有物。但因物之使用目的不能分割或契約訂有不分割之期限者，不在此限。」而農舍辦法第12條第2項有關限制分割之規定是否即屬上開條文所稱因法令不得分割之限制，係本文之主要研究對象。依農發條例第18條第5項授權訂定之農舍辦法第12條第2項規定，已申請興建農舍之農業用地應予套繪，且未經解除套繪管制不得辦理分割。此一規定自施行以來，於地政實務與司法實務間產生許多爭議。此等爭議比較法上甚為罕見，為我國特有規定所生之問題。本文首先，就司法實務對相關議題之見解進行類型化之綜整；其次，研析實務見解所生之三大議題，包括：其一，農舍辦法第12條第2項是否逾越農發條例第18條第5項之授權範圍？其二，農舍辦法第12條第2項如何適用於耕地？其三，農舍辦法第12條第2項是否適用於其增訂前已興建農舍之農業用地？此外，近來不少實務見解認為，農舍辦法第12條第2項之限制分割，應以達成規範目的之範圍為限，倘分割方法及結果無礙於規範目的達成，應不在限制分割之列，此一發展趨勢十分值得關注與重視，將併同於第一議題中討論。

關鍵字

農業用地；耕地；農舍；套繪管制；分割登記；溯及適用

並列摘要

According to Article 823, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code: "Unless otherwise provided by the statutes, each co-owner is entitled to demand at any time the partition of the thing held in indivision, except in consequence of the purpose of using such thing that makes partition impossible, or a covenant that provides a period of non-partition." The main research question of this article is whether the restriction on partition in Article 12, Paragraph 2 of the Regulation for Agricultural Lands Constructing Farmhouse falls under the statutory restriction on partition mentioned above. In accordance with the provision authorized by Article 18, Paragraph 5 of the Agricultural Development Act, Article 12, Paragraph 2 of the Regulation for Agricultural Lands Constructing Farmhouse provides that agricultural land for which farmhouse construction has been applied shall be subject to the cadastral map overlay regulation, and shall not be partitioned until the cadastral map overlay restriction is lifted. This provision has generated many disputes between land administration practices and judicial opinions since its implementation, a rare issue in comparative law, due to our country's unique regulations. This article first summarizes judicial opinions on the relevant issues, and subsequently analyzes three major issues: (1) whether Article 12, Paragraph 2 exceeds the authorization scope of Article 18, Paragraph 5 of the Agricultural Development Act; (2) how it should be applied to arable land; and (3) whether it applies to agricultural land with farmhouses built prior to the provision's enactment. Furthermore, many judicial opinions have recently suggested that the restriction on partition in Article 12, Paragraph 2 of the Regulation for Agricultural Lands Constructing Farmhouse should be limited to achieving regulatory objectives. If the method and outcome of partition do not hinder the achievement of regulatory objectives, agricultural land should not be restricted from partition. This emerging trend is highly deserving of our attention and will be discussed alongside the first issue.