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戴震孟荀之解與其反理學思想

DaiZhen How to Build the Thought Opposed the Noumenon of Confusion Philosophical Scholar in Song and Ming Dynasty

摘要


戴震生在清乾嘉時代,當時可說是人人埋首作考據學問,義理之學異常寂寥,尤其當時朝廷表彰朱子學,朱子學變成了官學,義理之學似乎已無討論空間。但是程朱之學與政治權威結合之後,發生了弊端。戴震反對程朱就不純粹是程朱的問題,而是禮教權威的問題。戴震是一位人道主義者,他對於理學「以理殺人」的社會現象十分不滿。其實對理學不滿早在明末清初就掀起浪濤,但多數以樸學、易經、莊子、佛教來修正宋明理學的弊端。戴震以孟子批判宋儒,十分罕見。戴震認為孟子書的「性善」是基於情感的「善」來奠定,並非是天命或是形上之理的「善」所界定的。清初諸儒以有返回孔子情感主義的說法,但突出孟子的情感主義,戴震仍是先驅。他看出宋儒過分的理教規範的思想根源不起於孟子,反而接近荀子,戴震就由此開啟了他由孟子為核心的反程朱運動。戴震對於荀子也有一些看法,並暗用荀子的一些說法,可以說戴震的思想兼融孟荀二家,其目的則在矯正理學之缺失,戴震也是一位樸學家,他對於考據也有很深的功力,他想恢復孟子原先的先秦本色,並在詮釋中建立一個符合他時代的思想。

關鍵字

戴震 以理殺人 反理學 孟子學 乾嘉學術

並列摘要


DaiZhen, a famous scholar who lived in QianLon JiaQin times. Everyone study PuXue, none study the philosphy concerned life. Government advocated the ZhuXi's Principle of LiXue theory. So ZhuXi's thought become to be a right, anyone did not oppose the theory. But DaiZhen is not just oppose ZhuXi's thought and he opposed the power and authority of government. He explained with notes of MongZhi, he thinked that be good by nature in MongZhi shows a meaning hat the noumenon of Confusion philosophical scholar in song and ming dynasty is monism. DaiZhen thinked the good exsist in the natural situation. DaiZhen thinked LiXue school theory already be effected by XuenZhi and Buddhism. So LiXue school theory not truly be good by nature. DaiZhen develop this point, he emphasizes to presents that rebel againest feudal ethics. He thinked when we stubbon any <||>truth<||>, we will kill someone, it is very cruel, so DaiZhen thinked not to stubborn one side of contradiction.

參考文獻


戴震(1994)。戴震全書。合肥:黃山書社。
阮元校刻(1985)。十三經注疏。台北:藝文印書館。
程顥、程頤(2006)。二程集。北京:中華書局。
朱熹著、黎靖德編(2004)。朱子語類。北京:中華書局。
朱熹(1996)。朱熹集。成都:四川教育出版社。

被引用紀錄


郭寶文(2011)。戴震及其後學與孟荀思想異同研究〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.00710

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