譯者的表達測驗－以翻譯能力檢定考試為例

翻譯研究（Translation Studies）經過數十年的發展，已逐漸成為獨立的學科。因應全球化時付來臨，國內各大學相繼成立翻譯系所，外（英）文系及應用外（英）語系紛紛開設翻譯課程，顯見翻譯教學在外語學習領域中已逐漸獲得重視，翻譯不僅為輔助語言學習的工具，更是評量語言能力的手段。由於翻譯專業人才的需求大增，迄今已有數個國家建立翻譯人才評鑑制度，擬定評量翻譯能力的測驗。我國的教育部亦於2007年舉辦首次「中英文翻譯能力檢定考試」，以原文題目的單句為評分單位，採用「正確／表達」（accuracy/expression）兩項評分標準，評分方法為「六／四量表」（正確6分，表達4分），期能客觀鑑定考生的翻譯能力。評分標準中的「表達」為涉及評分人主觀判斷，較不易取得共識的項目，但此項得分卻能影響考試的結果（通過與否）。本研究以2007、2008年教育部舉辦的兩次中英文翻譯能力檢定考試的「筆譯類一般文件英文譯中文組」的試題為研究對象，援用翻譯教科書介紹的翻譯方法，討論英文翻譯成中文時，為求表達通順頇進行的詞句轉換，並以翻譯考試試題的句型為例，說明譯文表達上的問題與解決之道，期能提供翻譯考試的應試者參考。

關鍵字

表達；翻譯測驗；翻譯能力

並列摘要

Translation Studies has started its development for decades and later formed an independent discipline. In response to the era of globalization, domestic universities and colleges have built up translation departments and graduate institutes and designed translation courses, so it is obvious that translation teaching has been gradually valued in the discipline of foreign language learning. Translation is not only a tool to assist in language learning but also a method to assess language abilities. Because of the increasing demand for translation talents, several countries have built up the institutions to evaluate translation talents and create tests to assess translation competence. The Ministry of Education held the Chinese and English Translation and Interpretation Competency Examinations in 2007. With the sentence from the original as the rating unit, the exam uses 'accuracy/expression' as the rating criteria and develops the 6/4 scale, 6 for accuracy and 4 for expression, as the rating method to evaluate test takers' translation competence. In the rating criteria, the 'expression' is the item that involves raters' subjective judgment and is not likely to reach consensus, but the scores of 'expression' can affect the results of the test, to be specific, pass or not. The subject of this research is the English-Chinese translation tests from the Chinese and English Translation and Interpretation Competency Examinations in 2007 and 2008. With the translation textbooks as frame of reference, this research discusses the linguistic transfer for fluent expression in English-Chinese translation and explains the solutions to the problems in translation with the syntax of sentences in the translation examinations.