- 期刊
精神分析取向心理治療技術之彈性
Technical Elasticity of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
摘要
精神分析取向心理治療普遍被視為一種治療師疏遠、被動的治療方式，然而在精神分析發展史上，自佛洛伊德與費倫齊的爭辯開始，就有技術上宜保持彈性的呼籲。本文首先回顧佛洛伊德關於分析技術的建議，包括中立與禁制等，同時論證他在技術上仍保有彈性，接著闡述費倫齊在此面向的革新思維，特別是主動技術的提出，佐以巴林「基本缺陷領域」以及其他精神分析師的相關理論和當代研究，進一步推衍分析技術必須有彈性。費倫齊提出產科醫師與「思想接生」的譬喻，相當貼近分析取向心理治療師的角色功能，亦即治療師致力維持彈性的姿態，視時機選擇被動或主動，此論點足供我國精神醫療、心理衛生和諮商輔導工作者持續思辨。
並列摘要
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is usually seen as a sort of treatment with a distant and passive therapist, but there has been a call for the elasticity of technique in the developmental history of psychoanalysis since the Freud-Ferenczi controversy. In this article, we first review Freud's recommendations on psychoanalytic techniques including neutrality and abstinence, and at the same time depict that he still maintained his elasticity of technique. We then discuss Ferenczi's revolutionary ideas on technical issues especially on his proposal of the active technique, and link to Balint's 'area of the basic fault' and other psychoanalysts' related theories and contemporary studies to elaborate the necessary elasticity of psychoanalytic techniques. Ferenczi's metaphor of the obstetrician and 'midwifery of thought' is quite close to the function of the role of a psychoanalytic psychotherapist, that is, the therapist strives to maintain an elastic stance and chooses to be passive or active according to the situation. This viewpoint is sufficient to provide further inspiring thoughts for workers in the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and counseling-guidance of our nation.