- 期刊
- Ahead-of-Print
年輕人第2型糖尿病的現況與挑戰之回顧
Review: Current Status and Challenge of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
摘要
全球年輕族群罹患第2型糖尿病的比例有上升的趨勢，台灣統計資料亦顯示相似情形。小於40歲罹患第2型糖尿病被歸類為年輕第2型糖尿病（Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes），此類病患的β細胞衰退較第1型糖尿病及成年第2型糖尿病要快，疾病進展速度快，死亡率、大血管併發症、小血管併發症的發生率也較高，對治療反應較差，預期壽命的減損也明顯增加，因此需要更密切的監測疾病進展並找尋更有效的控制方式。早期篩檢對於預防高危險族群進展至糖尿病，即時診斷潛在糖尿病患者，以及改善年輕第2型糖尿病的預後都有重要作用。本文將簡介國內外年輕第2型糖尿病之盛行率和併發症概況，並針對年輕第2型糖尿病之機轉、併發症、藥物與非藥物治療方式進行文獻回顧。
並列摘要
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the young population has been increasing globally. The statistical data from Taiwan also shows a similar trend. The onset of T2DM younger than 40-years-old is referred to as young-onset T2DM. These patients have a more rapid decline of β-cells and a more aggressive disease pattern than type 1 diabetes mellitus and late-onset T2DM. Accumulating evidence also indicates that patients with young-onset T2DM have a higher mortality rate and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular complications, poor treatment response, and a significant decrease in life expectancy. Therefore, monitoring the disease progression more closely and finding more effective control methods are necessary. Early screening plays a vital role in preventing high-risk groups from progressing to diabetes, promptly diagnosing potential diabetes, and improving the prognosis of young-onset T2DM. This article introduces the prevalence and incidence of young-onset T2DM in Taiwan and other countries and reviews the literature regarding mechanisms, complications, and drug and non-drug treatments of young-onset type 2 diabetes.