- 期刊
Locuciones Nominales Constituidas por Nombres y Adjetivos Aspectuales en Chino Mandarín y Español
中西文「名詞＋體貌形容詞」結構的名詞詞組對比｜Nominal Phrases Consist of Nouns and Aspectual Adjectives in Mandarin Chinese and Spanish
摘要
Este trabajo extiende el análisis contrastivo al tipo de locuciones nominales constituidas por adjetivos aspectuales y sustantivos que por sus especiales características formales y semánticas pueden ser comparadas en chino mandarín y español. Se trata de examinar el comportamiento de la lexicalización en un grupo semejante de compuestos sintagmáticos de ambas lenguas. El estudio expone que en cuanto a la explicación semántica del endocentrismo y exocentrismo en estas combinaciones de adjetivos aspectuales y nombres, ambas lenguas coinciden en presentar más formas endocéntricas que exocéntricas. Sin embargo, en ambas lenguas la calificación del endocentrismo o exocentrismo no es absoluta, sino que existe una cierta gradación en el exocentrismo semántico. Así, media naranja "persona que se adapta perfectamente a otra, como si cada una fuera la mitad de una naranja" y bàn zǐ 半子 "medio" "hijo" → yerno presentan tales relaciones metafóricas entre sus componentes y el referente. En cuanto a las diferencias estructurales entre ambas lenguas, no faltan ejemplos de compuestos aspectuales cuyos equivalentes del español no coinciden en el proceso morfológico como en el chino mandarín, puesto que a los compuestos adjetivo aspectual-nombre se suman los compuestos morfológicos (bàn yè 半夜 "medio" "noche" → medianoche), las formaciones derivadas (quàn fāng wèi 全方位 "total" "dirección" → multifunción), las palabras simples (cháng shù 常數 "frecuente" "número" → constante (mat.)) y los sintagmas nominales (quàn nián 全年 "entero" "año" → todo el año).
並列摘要
本研究對比中西文裡，組合為名詞搭配體貌形容詞的名詞結構，分析此類詞組的表層結構表現及語義特徵，並對其同類型的合成詞詞彙化現象做出解釋。文章內容提及體貌形容詞及名詞間向心及離心結構的依存關係，總結出，儘管兩種語言的向心結構詞組較為能產，詞語成分間的依存關係並非絕對性而是程度上的相對性，此特性在離心結構中尤為體現。例如，西語的media naranja及中文的〝半子〞，雖然造詞歷程內含隱喻機制的離心詞，其詞組成分media／〝半〞字的深層語義仍體現在詞組組合中。從兩種語言的表層結構分析，由體貌形容詞及名詞組合而成的複合固定詞裡，西文的構詞型態過程比中文更具多元性，例如中文的對等詞，在西文能以型態複合詞（compuestos morfológicos: bàn yè半夜“medio”“noche”→medianoche）、派生詞（formación derivada: quàn fāng wèi全方位“total”“dirección”→multifunción）、單純詞（palabra simple: cháng shù常數“frecuente”“número”→constante （mat.））及短語詞（sintagma nominal: quàn nián全年“entero”“año”→todo el año）等各種形式表現。｜This work extends the contrastive analysis to the type of noun phrases constituted by aspectual adjectives and nouns that can be compared in Mandarin Chinese and Spanish due to their special formal and semantic characteristics. The aim is to examine the behavior of lexicalization in a similar group of syntagmatic compounds of both languages. The study states that in terms of the semantic explanation of endocentrism and exocentrism in these combinations of aspectual adjectives and nouns, both languages coincide in presenting more endocentric than exocentric forms. However, in both languages the qualification of endocentrism or exocentrism is not absolute but with a certain gradation in semantic exocentrism. Thus, media naranja "person who adapts perfectly to another, as if each one were half an orange" and bàn zǐ 半子 "middle" "son" → son-in-law present such metaphorical relationships between their components and the referent. Regarding the structural differences between both languages, there are some examples of aspectual compounds whose equivalents in Spanish do not coincide in the morphological process as in Mandarin Chinese since morphological compounds are added to the aspectual adjective-noun compounds (bàn yè 半夜 "mid" "night" → midnight), the derived formations (quàn fāng wèi 全方位 "total" "direction" → multifunction), the simple words (cháng shù 常數 "frequent" "number" → constant (mat.)) and noun phrases (quàn nián 全年 "whole" "year" → all year).｜This work extends the contrastive analysis to the type of noun phrases constituted by aspectual adjectives and nouns that can be compared in Mandarin Chinese and Spanish due to their special formal and semantic characteristics. The aim is to examine the behavior of lexicalization in a similar group of syntagmatic compounds of both languages. The study states that in terms of the semantic explanation of endocentrism and exocentrism in these combinations of aspectual adjectives and nouns, both languages coincide in presenting more endocentric than exocentric forms. However, in both languages the qualification of endocentrism or exocentrism is not absolute but with a certain gradation in semantic exocentrism. Thus, media naranja "person who adapts perfectly to another, as if each one were half an orange" and bàn zǐ 半子 "middle" "son" → son-in-law present such metaphorical relationships between their components and the referent. Regarding the structural differences between both languages, there are some examples of aspectual compounds whose equivalents in Spanish do not coincide in the morphological process as in Mandarin Chinese since morphological compounds are added to the aspectual adjective-noun compounds (bàn yè 半夜 "mid" "night" → midnight), the derived formations (quàn fāng wèi 全方位 "total" "direction" → multifunction), the simple words (cháng shù 常數 "frequent" "number" → constant (mat.)) and noun phrases (quàn nián 全年 "whole" "year" → all year).