漢字構形分析的形式化樹模型－以《說文解字》小篆為例

The Tree Model of Chinese Character's Structure Analysis-Taking Seal Script Explained in ＂Shuowen Jiezi＂ for Example

胡佳佳(Jia-Jia Hu)

《先秦兩漢學術》 19期 (2013/03) Pp. 35-50

摘要

漢字作為「表意文字」代表，其最大特點就是「形義統一」，漢字構形分析必須納入構意。現代漢字構形學在傳統「六書」基礎上採用「構件+功能」的方法來分析漢字的構形，並指出層次性是其基本特徵。本文利用現代數學中的「樹」模型來描寫漢字的構形，並以《說文》小筆字形說解為源材料，實現了其小篆構形在電腦中的描寫與存儲。在此基礎上，對共時平面上的漢字構形的系統性進行了詳細的統計分析，為漢字構形的系統性說明提供了量化的方法。

關鍵字

漢字構形 ； 樹模型 ； 層級性 ； 系統性

並列摘要

Chinese is the representative of ideographic systems of writing. The elements of Chinese writing system are called components which brought in some meaning when used to compose characters. The traditional six principles for analyzing Chinese character structures are known as Liushu. On the basis of Liushu, the modem study has put forward a new theory using character components and component functions to analyze character forms. This paper, under the guidance of this theory, used the mathematic model of tree to describe the structure of Chinese characters, and achieved the computer description of all character structures explained in ＂Shuowen Jiezi＂, a wordbook of Chinese seal script. By such method, this paper also developed statistic methods to provide some quantitative data to prove and explain the systematic nature of the synchronic Chinese characters.

並列關鍵字

Chinese character structure ； the model of tree ； hierarchy ； system