- 期刊
不同肥料對綠薄荷、瑞士薄荷及日本薄荷產量及精油成分影響之研究
Studies on Effects of Various Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Essential Oil of Mentha spicata, M. piperita form Swiss, and M. canadensis
摘要
薄荷(Mentha spp.)為唇形科(Lamiaceae)薄荷屬(Mentha)之多年生草本植物，本屬之種類繁多係傳統上常用的中藥材之一，也是精油工業上重要的作物之一。本研究探討氮、磷、鉀三要素及三種市售有機質肥料對綠薄荷、瑞士薄荷及日本薄荷等三個品種生長及生產力之影響。以menthol、menthone、pulegone及carvone等含量為指標成分，並利用氣相層析儀(GC)進行定量分析。試驗結果顯示，栽培期間不施用氮肥的處理對薄荷生長影響最為明顯，產量較施用氮肥的處理減少20~40%。有機質肥料添加試驗中，以植物性有機肥料對薄荷生長發育效果最佳，產量較其他處理可提高約73~400%。不施用磷肥的處理精油產量較其他處理低，而施用植物性有機肥料可以獲得最高的精油產量。綜合試驗結果得知，氮肥對薄荷的生長、生物量及乾物質的累積影響最顯著，磷肥影響薄荷精油的產生，施用植物性有機肥料對於提升薄荷的生物產量及精油的生成有促進的功用。
並列摘要
Mint (Mentha spp.), known as one of commonly-used traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is a Lamiaceae perennial herbal plant. It becomes an important crop for essential oil industry recently. This study investigated the effects of three major nutrient elements, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K), on the growth of three different mint species, namely, Spearmint, Swiss mint and Japanese mint. In addition, this study also investigated the effects of three commercial organic fertilizers on the promotion of mint growth and yield. Components of essential oil of mints that influenced by fertilizers were detected by gas chromatography (GC) for quantitative analysis and were checked with four markers, methanol, methone, pulegone, and carvone. The results revealed that the yield of mints without N fertilizer was 20 to 40 percent significantly lower than those with N fertilizer. In the experiments applied with organic fertilizers, plant-fertilizer treatment had the highest yield, 73 to 400 percent higher than others. Essential oil obtained from mint plants without P additives was lower than others, and the mint plants that were treated with plant-fertilizer had the highest essential oil product. Results indicated that growth, biomass, and the accumulation of dry weight of mints were mostly influenced by N fertilizer. Phosphatic fertilizer could influence the essential oil production of mint. The biomass and yield of essential oil of mints can be elevated when applied with organic plant-fertilizer.