藝文政策與1930年代蘇聯社會寫實主義

二十世紀初期俄羅斯歷經政治上重大變動，俄帝體制崩潰、內戰等一連串國內外紛亂爭戰之後，一個以勾勒美好未來的理想國度－蘇維埃社會主義新政權誕生。普獲政權的布爾什維克黨藉由一連串的新政策與無所不在的文宣，策略性對人民進行思想再教育。藝術作為政治宣傳的工具，尤其在30年代的蘇聯權威下，扮演關鍵性的角色。事實上，一個目標明確，黨性思想正確的藝術政策，的確能夠幫助政府作為收服人心與推廣宣傳的重要利器。本文將說明30年代蘇維埃政權藉由各種政治性口號與藝文政策強力主導下，所產生之社會寫實主義藝術風格的獨特表現，以及該藝術風格所塑造出的各種意識形態與政治符碼之形成原因。

關鍵字

布爾什維克黨；政治宣傳；社會寫實主義；黨性

並列摘要

In the beginning of the 20 century in Russia great changes in economical and political life have taken place. After Imperial Russia's collapse, The Russian Civil War, series of inner and abroad military operations, with the dreams of wonderful future, Soviet socialism was burn. Bolshevik's (which come to power) new politics and omnipresent strategic propaganda carried out new way of thinking and education. Art become an instrument of political propaganda, especially during Soviet weakness in 30's, played leading role. In the reality, one clear goal, art policy of rightness of the Partisanship can really helped government become important edge tool for propaganda and conquered the willing of people. This article explains Soviet Union's regime under the leading of different kinds of political slogans and power of art policy, especially express art style-Soviet realism, as well as reasons for create shapes of consciousness and political symbols.