淺談庶民文化傳承下的韓國甕器

世界各民族都有自己獨特的文化，韓國的陶瓷器文化亦然。在韓國的陶瓷器中，最具代表性的是貴族所使用屬青色釉系的高麗青瓷與白色釉系的朝鮮白瓷，皆充分展現韓國陶瓷工藝的精工技巧。然而，不具主流地位的日用陶器---屬黑褐色釉系的甕器，不但反映庶民文化的稚拙趣味，更蘊含著韓國民族的樸素情感。本文旨在介紹歷史傳承下的韓國傳統甕器，並從韓國甕器的緣起與特性、種類、造型與紋飾、釉料與燒製溫度、製作過程及甕窯的變遷等幾方面進行論述。筆者採文獻分析法進行研究，以目前有限的資料旁徵博引，希望藉著本文的探討，引發大眾對庶民文化傳承下的韓國甕器的重視。

關鍵字

韓國甕器；高麗青瓷；朝鮮白瓷；釉料；燒製溫度；甕窯

並列摘要

Every Country has her unique culture. For Korea, one of her unique aspects is the ceramic culture. The most representative ceramic is used by the Korean nobilities that include blue-glaze called ”Koryo Celadon” and white-glaze called ”Joseon White Porcelain”. These are Korean ceramics full of delicate and artistic techniques. Never the less, a non-mainstream pottery for daily use by the ordinal and common people is the other representative that is a kind of dark brown-glaze called ”Onggi”'. It reflects not only a popular Korean culture along with the unique taste of traditional pottery, but also with simple feelings and emotions of Korean nation. The aim of present article is to introduce the historically and conventionally inherited traditional Korean Onggi, and to describe its creation as a Korean origin, in term of its characteristics, type, shape, decoration, glazing, firing temperature, kiln production process, and with further discussion on its varieties in many other Onggi aspects. Upon literatures reviewed with available information, these were further analyzed. It is a hope, through this addressing, to trigger wide attention of this inherited Onggi culture of the Korean ordinal and conventional people.