- 期刊
The Chronotope of ＂Oliver Twist＂: The Fusion of the Greek Romance and the Family Novel
《苦海孤雛》之時空關係：希臘傳奇及家庭小說之混合
摘要
本篇報告嘗試以巴赫汀式之閱讀，探討狄更斯（Charles Dickens）之苦海孤雛（Oliver Twist）中之時空關係（chronotope），主要可分三方面：（一）、可見力（visibility）之必然－可見力來自並非膚淺粗俗感官之盱衡，而是能看出抽象概念之能力；（二）、現在與過去之融合－時間流動之下，過去必然衝擊現在；（三）、時間對空間之影響3／4單一事件之時間，與其所發生之地密不可分。其實吾人可看出該小說混合了兩類型之時空關係，即希臘傳奇和家庭小說，因巴赫汀論及：時空關係在文學作品中乃「彼此相合」，「互相取代或對抗，互相矛盾，甚至可能使關係更複雜。」時空關係表現在人物刻劃、敘事、描寫上，使我們對主角及其遭遇了解得更豐富。
並列摘要
This paper, a Bakhtinian reading of Oliver Twist, attempts to explore the chronotope of this novel in three aspects: (1) the inevitability of visibility - unlike shallow, crude sensualism, visibility works as the power to visualize even the most abstract concepts, (2) the merging of time (past with present) - the flow of time always guarantees the impact of the past on the present, and (3) the effect of time on space-the time of an event cannot be separated from the place of its occurrence. In fact, we may discern in this novel the fusion of two forms of chronotope - the Greek romance and the family novel-because, as Bakhtin argues, chronotopes are ”mutually inclusive” and ”replace or oppose one another, contradict one another or find themselves in ever more complex interrelationships” in every literary work. Time and space always cooperate in characterization, narration, and description to enrich our understanding of the hero and his adventures.