印度哲學關於「無」與「有」的論爭－兼論日本「批判佛教」如來藏觀「有」的邏輯

On the Debate of "Existence" (sat) and "Nonexistence" (asat) in Indian Philosophy-Combined with the Discussion about Japanese "Critical Buddhism" and Its References to the Logic of "Existence" (sat) in the Tathāgatagarbha-Doctrine

孫晶(Jing Sun)

《華梵人文學報》 Issue 20 (2013/07) Pp. 95-111

Abstracts

印度哲學關於「無」與「有」的概念和紛爭，以及引申出來的「無我」與「有我」的論爭，歷來就是印度哲學的主要命題，也是正統派哲學與非正統派哲學的理論分界線。佛教是持「無我」的觀點，但是佛教否認「有我」與吠檀多派承認「無」並非同等意義上的相似，而是具有根本的區別。其實佛教內部存在的無與有的論爭，是關於是否承認一切事物皆有基體的問題。日本「批判佛教」認為，佛教承認如來藏的存在，也就是承認「有我」。本論文是將佛教內部的紛爭放在印度哲學思想的大背景來進行論述，試圖找到佛教與婆羅門教之間相互影響的痕跡。

Keywords

無 ； 有 ； 我 ； 如來藏 ； 批判佛教

Parallel abstracts

The debate on ”existence”(sat) and ”non-existence,”(asat) including that on the ”non-self” (anātman) and ”self,”(ātman) has always been the major topic in Indian philosophy. It also marks, on a theoretical level, the difference between the orthodox and heterodox schools. The Buddhists hold to the view of ”non-self”; however, their denial of a ”self” and the Vedanta's view of ”nonexistence” do not mean the same; in fact there is a fundamental difference between the two. The debates on existence and nonexistence within the Buddhist schools refer to the question whether all things imply a foundational reality or not. According to the viewpoint of Japanese Critical Buddhism, those of the Buddhists who acknowledge the doctrine of tathāgatagarbha also endorse the existence of a ”self.” The present article discusses the internal Buddhist debates within the wider framework of Indian philosophy in order to find the traces and points of intersection where Buddhism and the schools of Brahmanism influenced each other.

Parallel keywords

"Existence" (sat) ； "Nonexistence" (asat) ； Tathāgatagarbha ； Critical Buddhism

References

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末木文美士()。