雲水不住──曉雲法師的比丘尼形象樣式

As Nonattached as Clouds and Water: the Pattern of Bhiksuni Image Exemplified by Ven. Hiu Wen

李玉珍(Yu-Chen Li)

《玄奘佛學研究》 Issue 25 (2016/03) Pp. 73-104

Abstracts

廣東籍的曉雲法師（1912-2004）為台灣教界首位恭稱導師的比丘尼，也是國際佛教婦女協會的名譽主席，畢生致力佛教藝術與高等教育，聞名國際。1967年她由香港遷徙到台灣，此後擔任中國文化學院的佛教藝術教席十八年，1970年創辦蓮華學佛園、1978年華梵佛學研究所，教導天台宗般若禪，1990年成立華梵工學院（1997年升格為大學），首先實現中國佛教史上籌建現代化大學的目標。本文將探究此一過程，說明現代化佛學教育以及推廣佛教社會教育，化育僧俗兩眾，一直是二十世紀以來佛教現代化運動的主要目標。因此身為倓虛大師（1875-1963）法嗣的曉雲法師，以她提昇佛學教育的貢獻，成為戰後台灣比丘尼領袖的佼佼者。本文將以曉雲法師的生涯變動為主，探究她在每個階段被認可的形象，如何成就其比丘尼典範。由於曉雲法師的長壽，她成年之後歷經抗日戰爭、戰後香港殖民社會的動盪不安，並且以罕見的大陸籍比丘尼身分，積極參與1990年代以前的台灣佛學教育。她的成功不但見證了跨世紀的佛教改革運動，也在某一程度上，反映戰後台灣比丘尼對於佛學教育的憧憬，以及新的自我定位。

Keywords

曉雲法師 ； 蓮華學佛園 ； 戰後台灣比丘尼教育 ； 華梵大學 ； 比丘尼領袖形象

Parallel abstracts

Ven. Hiu Wen (1912-2004), a native Guangdong Province, was known as the first female Master in the Buddhist community in Taiwan. On account of her dedication to Buddhist arts and Buddhist higher education, she was also internationally renowned and awarded honorary titles such as the honorary chair of the International Association of Buddhist Women. In 1967 she moved from Hong Kong to Taiwan and began her career as a professor of Buddhist arts. Thereafter she established the Lotus Ashram and the Institute of Sino-Indian Studies. Her groundbreaking work of establishing Huafan University, the first institute of Buddhist higher education, sealed her place in the Chinese Buddhist history. Moreover, she is the first female heir to Ven. Tanxu (1875-1963), the 44^(th) patriarch of the Tiantai School. These achievements make Hiu Wen one of the most outstanding leaders among contemporary Taiwanese Buddhist bhiksunis. This article is to analyze Ven. Hiu Wen's image as a religious leader by discussing her career, chronologically divided into three periods. I will discuss how she successfully built and connect networks of students and small nunneries to help usher in the reform of Buddhist education. With her superb ability of establishing vast networks, Ven. Hiuwen helped bring Buddhist education into the 20^(th) century, gave Taiwanese Buddhist nuns a new self-identity, and boosted women's self-esteem by connecting them to and placing them in Buddhist higher education.

Parallel keywords

Ven. Hiu Wen ； the Lotus Ashram ； the education for Taiwanese Buddhist nuns ； Huafan University ； the image of Bhiksuni leaders

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